Cogent Communications Reports Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2024 Results and Increases its Regular Quarterly Dividend on its Common Stock

Financial and Business Highlights Service revenue was $252.3 million for Q4 2024 and was $257.2 million for Q3 2024. Service revenue was $1.0 billion for full year 2024 and was $940.9 million for full year 2023. Wavelength revenue increased by 31.8%, sequentially, and was $7.0 million for Q4 2024 and was $5.3 million for Q3 2024. Revenue from leasing IPv4 addresses increased by 11.8%, sequentially, and was $12.6 million for Q4 2024 and was $11.2 million for Q3 2024. EBITDA increased by 16.7% to $41.9 million for Q4 2024 from Q3 2024. EBITDA margin was 16.6% for Q4 2024 and was 13.9% for Q3 2024. Net cash provided by operating activities was $14.5 million for Q4 2024. Net cash used in operating activities was $48.7 million for Q4 2023 and was $20.2 million for Q3 2024. EBITDA, as adjusted, increased by 9.8% to $66.9 million for Q4 2024 from Q3 2024. EBITDA, as adjusted, margin was 26.5% for Q4 2024 and was 23.7% for Q3 2024. EBITDA, as adjusted, was $348.4 million for full year 2024 and was $352.5 million for full year 2023. EBITDA, as adjusted, margin was 33.6% for full year 2024 and was 37.5% for full year 2023. Cogent received a US federal income tax refund of $24.2 million in 2024 for 2023 US federal income taxes paid and owed no US federal income taxes for full year 2023. Cogent does not expect a US federal income tax liability for full year 2024. Cogent approved an increase of $0.01 per share to its regular quarterly dividend for a total of $1.005 per share for Q1 2025 as compared to $0.995 per share for Q4 2024 – Cogent's fiftieth consecutive quarterly dividend increase. , /PRNewswire/ -- Cogent Communications Holdings, Inc. (NASDAQ: CCOI) ("Cogent") today announced service revenue of $252.3 million for the three months ended December 31, 2024, a decrease of 1.9% from the three months ended September 30, 2024 and a decrease of 7.3% from the three months ended December 31, 2023. On the closing date of the Sprint acquisition, Cogent and T-Mobile entered into a commercial agreement (the "Commercial Agreement"), for colocation and connectivity services. Revenue under the Commercial Agreement, primarily classified as on-net revenue and net-centric revenue, was $1.5 million for the three months ended December 31, 2024, $4.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024, $8.6 million for the three months ended December 31, 2023, $23.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 and $14.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. Service revenue was $1,036.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, an increase of 10.1% from the year ended December 31, 2023. Foreign exchange rates negatively impacted service revenue growth from the three months ended September 30, 2024 to the three months ended December 31, 2024 by $1.0 million, negatively impacted service revenue growth from the three months ended December 31, 2023 to the three months ended December 31, 2024 by $0.4 million and negatively impacted service revenue growth from the year ended December 31, 2023 to the year ended December 31, 2024 by $0.3 million. On a constant currency basis, service revenue decreased by 1.5% from the three months ended September 30, 2024 to the three months ended December 31, 2024, decreased by 7.1% for the three months ended December 31, 2023 to the three months ended December 31, 2024 and increased by 10.1% for the year ended December 31, 2023 to the year ended December 31, 2024. On-net service is provided to customers located in buildings that are physically connected to Cogent's network by Cogent facilities. On-net revenue was $128.8 million for the three months ended December 31, 2024, a decrease of 5.7% from the three months ended September 30, 2024 and a decrease of 6.7% from the three months ended December 31, 2023. On-net revenue was $544.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2024; an increase of 6.2% over the year ended December 31, 2023. Off-net customers are located in buildings directly connected to Cogent's network using other carriers' facilities and services to provide the last mile portion of the link from the customers' premises to Cogent's network. Off-net revenue was $113.2 million for the three months ended December 31, 2024, an increase of 1.7% from the three months ended September 30, 2024 and a decrease of 8.5% from the three months ended December 31, 2023. Off-net revenue was $454.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2024; an increase of 15.4% over the year ended December 31, 2023. Wavelength revenue was $7.0 million for the three months ended December 31, 2024, an increase of 31.8% from the three months ended September 30, 2024 and an increase of 124.1% from the three months ended December 31, 2023. Wavelength revenue was $19.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2024; an increase of 239.6% over the year ended December 31, 2023. Non-core services are legacy services, which Cogent acquired and continues to support but does not actively sell. Non-core revenue was $3.4 million for the three months ended December 31, 2024, $4.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and was $7.3 million for the three months ended December 31, 2023. Non-core revenue was $18.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2024; a decrease of 37.0% over the year ended December 31, 2023. GAAP gross profit is defined as total service revenue less network operations expense, depreciation and amortization and equity-based compensation included in network operations expense. GAAP gross margin is defined as GAAP gross profit divided by total service revenue. GAAP gross profit increased by 0.3% from the three months ended December 31, 2023 to $29.8 million for the three months ended December 31, 2024 and increased by 203.4% from the three months ended September 30, 2024. GAAP gross profit decreased by 41.5% from the year ended December 31, 2023 to $96.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. GAAP gross margin was 11.8% for the three months ended December 31, 2024, 3.8% for the three months ended September 30, 2024, 10.9% for the three months ended December 31, 2023, 17.5% for the year ended December 31, 2023 and 9.3% for the year ended December 31, 2024. Non-GAAP gross profit represents service revenue less network operations expense, excluding equity-based compensation and amounts shown separately (depreciation and amortization expense). Non-GAAP gross margin is defined as Non-GAAP gross profit divided by total service revenue. Non-GAAP gross profit decreased by 0.3% from the three months ended December 31, 2023 to $97.6 million for the three months ended December 31, 2024 and increased by 1.5% from the three months ended September 30, 2024. Non-GAAP gross profit decreased by 0.5% from the year ended December 31, 2023 to $395.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. Non-GAAP gross margin was 38.7% for the three months ended December 31, 2024, 37.4% for the three months ended September 30, 2024, 36.0% for the three months ended December 31, 2023, 42.3% for the year ended December 31, 2023 and 38.2% for the year ended December 31, 2024. Net cash provided by operating activities was $14.5 million for the three months ended December 31, 2024. Net cash used in operating activities was $20.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and was $48.7 million for the three months ended December 31, 2023. Net cash provided by operating activities was $17.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 and net cash used in operating activities was $8.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. Total Sprint acquisition costs were $17.0 million for the three months ended December 31, 2023, $18.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 and $21.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. IP Transit Services AgreementOn May 1, 2023, the closing date of the Sprint acquisition, Cogent and T-Mobile USA, Inc. ("TMUSA"), a Delaware corporation and direct subsidiary of T-Mobile US, Inc., a Delaware corporation ("T-Mobile"), entered into an agreement for IP transit services (the "IP Transit Services Agreement"), pursuant to which TMUSA will pay Cogent an aggregate of $700.0 million, consisting of (i) $350.0 million paid in equal monthly installments during the first year after the closing date of the Sprint acquisition and (ii) $350.0 million paid in equal monthly installments over the subsequent 42 months. Amounts paid under the IP Transit Services Agreement were $87.5 million, $25.0 million and $25.0 million in the three months ended December 31, 2023, September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Amounts paid under the IP Transit Services Agreement were $204.2 million in the year ended December 31, 2023 and $204.2 million in the year ended December 31, 2024. Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA), was $41.9 million for the three months ended December 31, 2024, $35.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and $6.0 million for the three months ended December 31, 2023. EBITDA was $129.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 and $122.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. EBITDA margin, was 16.6% for the three months ended December 31, 2024, 13.9% for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2.2% for the three months ended December 31, 2023. EBITDA margin was 13.8% for the year ended December 31, 2023 and 11.9% for the year ended December 31, 2024. Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA), as adjusted, for Sprint acquisition costs and cash paid under the IP Transit Services Agreement, was $66.9 million for the three months ended December 31, 2024, $60.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and $110.5 million for the three months ended December 31, 2023. EBITDA, as adjusted, for Sprint acquisition costs and cash paid under the IP Transit Services Agreement was $352.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 and $348.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. EBITDA as adjusted, for Sprint acquisition costs and cash paid under the IP Transit Services Agreement margin, was 26.5% for the three months ended December 31, 2024, 23.7% for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 40.6% for the three months ended December 31, 2023. EBITDA, as adjusted, for Sprint acquisition costs and cash paid under the IP Transit Services Agreement margin was 37.5% for the year ended December 31, 2023 and 33.6% for the year ended December 31, 2024. Basic and diluted net (loss) per share was $(0.91) for the three months ended December 31, 2024 and was $(1.33) for the three months ended September 30, 2024. Basic net income per share was $4.23 for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and diluted net income per share was $4.17 for the three months ended December 31, 2023. Basic net income per share was $26.88 for the year ended December 31, 2023. Diluted net income per share was $26.62 for the year ended December 31, 2023. Basic and diluted net (loss) per share was $(4.28) for the year ended December 31, 2024. Total customer connections decreased by 10.3% from December 31, 2023 to 123,383 as of December 31, 2024 and decreased by 2.3% from September 30, 2024. On-net customer connections decreased by 0.9% from December 31, 2023 to 87,500 as of December 31, 2024 and decreased by 0.2% from September 30, 2024. Off-net customer connections decreased by 21.0% from December 31, 2023 to 28,963 as of December 31, 2024 and decreased by 10.7% from September 30, 2024. Wavelength customer connections were 1,118 as of December 31, 2024, 1,041 as of September 30, 2024 and 661 as of December 31, 2023. Non-core customer connections were 5,802 as of December 31, 2024, 5,217 as of September 30, 2024 and 11,975 as of December 31, 2023. The number of on-net buildings increased by 176 from December 31, 2023 to 3,453 as of December 31, 2024 and increased by 29 from September 30, 2024. Optical Wave Network Acquiring the Sprint network has also allowed Cogent to construct a wavelength network using predominantly owned fiber. This enabled Cogent to expand its product offerings to include optical wavelength services. As of December 31, 2024, Cogent was offering optical wavelength services in 808 data centers in the United States, Mexico and Canada. Federal Income Taxes – United StatesCogent received a US federal income tax refund of $24.2 million in 2024 for 2023 US federal income taxes paid and owed no US federal income taxes for full year 2023. Under current law, Cogent does not expect to incur a US federal income tax liability for full year 2024. Quarterly Dividend Increase ApprovedOn February 26, 2025, Cogent's Board approved a regular quarterly dividend of $1.005 per share payable on March 28, 2025 to shareholders of record on March 13, 2025. This first quarter 2025 regular dividend represents an increase of $0.01 per share, or 1.0%, from the fourth quarter 2024 regular dividend of $0.995 per share and an annual increase of 4.1% from the first quarter 2024 dividend of $0.965 per share. The payment of any future dividends and any other returns of capital will be at the discretion of the Board and may be reduced, eliminated or increased and will be dependent upon Cogent's financial position, results of operations, available cash, cash flow, capital requirements, limitations under Cogent's debt indentures and other factors deemed relevant by the Board. Tax Treatment of 2024 DividendsCogent paid four quarterly dividends in 2024 totaling $189.4 million, or $3.92 per share. The expected tax treatment of these dividends are generally that 100.0% are treated as a return of capital and 0.0% are generally treated as dividends for United States federal income tax purposes. While the above information includes general statements about the tax classification of dividends paid on Cogent common stock, these statements do not constitute tax advice. The taxation of corporate distributions can be complex, and stockholders are encouraged to consult their tax advisers to determine what impact the above information may have on their specific tax situation. Continued Impact of Changing Office Occupancy Rates on Corporate ResultsCogent continues to witness lower office occupancy rates overall in the buildings it serves in central business districts in North America, largely attributable to remote work policies originally instituted during the COVID-19 pandemic. Since the end of the pandemic, and despite some improvement in certain markets, Cogent continues to see office occupancy rates that do not approach pre-2020 levels. Because of the rising vacancy levels and/or lower numbers of lease initiations or renewals resulting in fewer tenants, Cogent has experienced a slowdown in new sales to its corporate customers, which has negatively impacted its corporate revenue results. This overall trend is not uniform throughout North America; Cogent has seen declining vacancy rates and increasing office occupancy rates in some cities, including in the three months ended December 31, 2024. Moreover, as the option to fully or partially work from home becomes permanently established at many companies, Cogent's corporate customers are integrating some of the new applications that were part of the remote work environment into their everyday use, which benefits Cogent's corporate business as these customers upgrade their Internet access infrastructure to higher capacity connections. These factors have helped mitigate the impact of lower office occupancy rates and during the three months ended December 31, 2024, Cogent continued to see these positive trends in its corporate business in some markets. If and when companies eventually return to the buildings in which Cogent operates, whether existing tenants or new tenants, Cogent believes it will present an opportunity for increased sales. However, the exact timing, path and spread of these positive trends remains uncertain, office occupancy rates in some markets may not recover, and Cogent may continue to see increased corporate customer turnover, fewer upgrades of existing corporate customer configurations and fewer new tenant opportunities, which would negatively impact Cogent's corporate revenue growth. These and other risks are described in more detail in Cogent's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the years ended December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2024 and in its Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarterly periods ended March 31, 2023, June 30, 2023, September 30, 2023, March 31, 2024, June 30, 2024 and September 30, 2024. Conference Call and Website InformationCogent will host a conference call with financial analysts at 8:30 a.m. (ET) on February 27, 2025 to discuss Cogent's operating results for the fourth quarter of 2024 and full year 2024. Investors and other interested parties may access a live audio webcast of the earnings call in the "Events" section of Cogent's website at www.cogentco.com/events. A replay of the webcast, together with the press release, will be available on the website following the earnings call. A downloadable file of Cogent's "Summary of Financial and Operational Results" and a transcript of its conference call will also be available on Cogent's website following the conference call. About Cogent CommunicationsCogent Communications (NASDAQ: CCOI) is a multinational, Tier 1 facilities-based ISP. Cogent specializes in providing businesses with high-speed Internet access, Ethernet transport, optical wavelength, optical transport and colocation services. Cogent's facilities-based, all-optical IP network backbone provides services in 264 markets globally. Cogent Communications is headquartered at 2450 N Street, NW, Washington, D.C. 20037. For more information, visit www.cogentco.com. Cogent Communications can be reached in the United States at (202) 295-4200 or via email at [email protected]. COGENT COMMUNICATIONS HOLDINGS, INC., AND SUBSIDIARIES Summary of Financial and Operational Results Q1 2023 Q2 2023 Q3 2023 Q4 2023 Q1 2024 Q2 2024 Q3 2024 Q4 2024 Metric ($ in 000's, except share, per share, customer connections and network related data) – unaudited On-Net revenue (15) (18) $116,143 $127,665 $129,031 $138,064 $138,624 $140,757 $136,485 $128,760 % Change from previous Qtr. 1.0 % 9.9 % 1.1 % 7.0 % 0.4 % 1.5 % -3.0 % -5.7 % Off-Net revenue $37,283 $101,984 $130,560 $123,669 $118,178 $111,451 $111,291 $113,190 % Change from previous Qtr. 1.1 % 173.5 % 28.0 % -5.3 % -4.4 % -5.7 % -0.1 % 1.7 % Wavelength revenue (1) $- $1,585 $2,992 $3,108 $3,327 $3,625 $5,287 $6,966 % Change from previous Qtr. - - 88.8 % 3.9 % 7.0 % 9.0 % 45.8 % 31.8 % Non-Core revenue (2) (16) $162 $8,572 $12,846 $7,258 $6,039 $4,610 $4,139 $3,375 % Change from previous Qtr. 3.2 % NM 49.9 % -43.5 % -16.8 % -23.7 % -10.2 % -18.5 % Service revenue – total (18) $153,588 $239,806 $275,429 $272,099 $266,168 $260,443 $257,202 $252,291 % Change from previous Qtr. 1.1 % 56.1 % 14.9 % -1.2 % -2.2 % -2.2 % -1.2 % -1.9 % Constant currency total revenue quarterly growth rate – sequential quarters (3) (18) 0.2 % 55.9 % 14.9 % -1.1 % -2.3 % -2.0 % -1.5 % -1.5 % Constant currency total revenue quarterly growth rate – year over year quarters (3) (18) 4.0 % 61.4 % 82.4 % 78.1 % 73.1 % 8.8 % -6.7 % -7.1 % Constant currency and excise tax impact on total revenue quarterly growth rate – sequential quarters (3) (18) 0.1 % 51.4 % 13.4 % -3.2 % -2.3 % -1.5 % -1.7 % -2.0 % Constant currency and excise tax impact on total revenue quarterly growth rate – year over year quarters (3) (18) 3.7 % 56.2 % 75.5 % 67.4 % 62.4 % 5.4 % -8.6 % -7.3 % Excise Taxes included in service revenue (4) $4,193 $11,040 $14,557 $20,428 $20,549 $19,182 $19,752 $20,960 % Change from previous Qtr. 2.6 % 163.3 % 31.9 % 40.3 % 0.6 % -6.7 % 3.0 % 6.1 % IPv4 Revenue, included in On-Net revenue $8,321 $8,745 $9,098 $9,878 $10,151 $10,938 $11,236 $12,560 % Change from previous Qtr. 2.7 % 5.1 % 4.0 % 8.6 % 2.8 % 7.8 % 2.7 % 11.8 % IPv4 Addresses Billed 9,839,870 10,465,694 10,987,884 11,438,286 12,213,414 12,813,955 12,943,590 13,033,248 % Change from previous Qtr. NM 6.4 % 5.0 % 4.1 % 6.8 % 4.9 % 1.0 % 0.7 % Corporate revenue (5) (16) $85,627 $110,998 $120,484 $126,634 $124,864 $119,557 $116,244 $113,070 % Change from previous Qtr. -0.2 % 29.6 % 8.5 % 5.1 % -1.4 % -4.3 % -2.8 % -2.7 % Net-centric revenue (5) (15) $67,961 $87,582 $94,936 $93,148 $91,979 $91,107 $91,873 $93,625 % Change from previous Qtr. 2.7 % 28.9 % 8.4 % -1.9 % -1.3 % -0.9 % 0.8 % 1.9 % Enterprise revenue (5) (18) - $41,227 $60,009 $52,318 $49,325 $49,781 $49,085 $45,596 % Change from previous Qtr. - NM 45.6 % -12.8 % -5.7 % 0.9 % -1.4 % -7.1 % Network operations expenses (4) $58,489 $137,271 $173,224 $174,180 $168,548 $155,817 $161,083 $154,706 % Change from previous Qtr. 2.8 % 134.7 % 26.2 % 0.6 % -3.2 % -7.6 % 3.4 % -4.0 % GAAP gross profit (6) $69,790 $49,793 $15,101 $29,744 $26,344 $30,240 $9,835 $29,836 % Change from previous Qtr. -2.3 % -28.7 % -69.7 % 97.0 % -11.4 % 14.8 % -67.5 % 203.4 % GAAP gross margin (6) 45.4 % 20.8 % 5.5 % 10.9 % 9.9 % 11.6 % 3.8 % 11.8 % Non-GAAP gross profit (3) (7) $95,099 $102,535 $102,205 $97,919 $97,620 $104,626 $96,119 $97,585 % Change from previous Qtr. 0.0 % 7.8 % -0.3 % -4.2 % -0.3 % 7.2 % -8.1 % 1.5 % Non-GAAP gross margin (3) (7) 61.9 % 42.8 % 37.1 % 36.0 % 36.7 % 40.2 % 37.4 % 38.7 % Selling, general and administrative expenses (8) $38,646 $77,640 $58,267 $74,907 $70,131 $65,130 $60,258 $55,732 % Change from previous Qtr. 2.5 % 100.9 % -25.0 % 28.6 % -6.4 % -7.1 % -7.5 % -7.5 % Depreciation and amortization expense (19) $25,160 $52,511 $86,734 $67,805 $70,891 $74,036 $85,815 $67,272 % Change from previous Qtr. 6.8 % 108.7 % 65.2 % -21.8 % 4.6 % 4.4 % 15.9 % -21.6 % Equity-based compensation expense $6,581 $6,249 $7,411 $6,684 $6,950 $3,565 $7,875 $7,348 % Change from previous Qtr. 5.1 % -5.0 % 18.6 % -9.8 % 4.0 % -48.7 % 120.9 % -6.7 % Operating income (loss) $24,312 $(34,604) $(50,558) $(68,478) $(59,389) $(47,143) $(57,829) $(32,767) % Change from previous Qtr. -11.0 % NM 46.1 % 35.4 % 13.3 % 20.6 % 22.7 % -43.3 % Interest expense (9) $19,005 $28,653 $24,198 $34,928 $23,010 $38,840 $32,474 $45,371 % Change from previous Qtr. -13.6 % 50.8 % -15.5 % 44.3 % -34.1 % 68.8 % -16.4 % 39.7 % Non-cash change in valuation – Swap Agreement (9) $(1,847) $1,305 $4,825 $(17,722) $6,152 $(9,299) $(5,597) $(7,632) Gain on bargain purchase (10) - $1,155,719 $(3,332) $254,049 $(5,470) $27,673 $- $- Net income (loss) $6,148 $1,123,863 $(56,723) $200,153 $(65,307) $(32,338) $(63,112) $(43,317) Basic net income (loss) per common share $0.13 $23.84 $(1.20) $4.23 $(1.38) $(0.68) $(1.33) $(0.91) Diluted net income (loss) per common share $0.13 $23.65 $(1.20) $4.17 $(1.38) $(0.68) $(1.33) $(0.91) Weighted average common shares – basic 47,037,091 47,137,822 47,227,338 47,353,291 47,416,268 47,511,613 47,426,131 47,540,833 % Change from previous Qtr. 0.3 % 0.2 % 0.2 % 0.3 % 0.1 % 0.2 % -0.2 % 0.2 % Weighted average common shares – diluted 47,381,226 47,526,207 47,227,338 48,037,841 47,416,268 47,511,613 47,426,131 47,540,833 % Change from previous Qtr. 0.4 % 0.3 % -0.6 % 1.7 % -1.3 % 0.2 % -0.2 % 0.2 % EBITDA (3) $56,053 $24,156 $43,587 $6,011 $18,452 $27,126 $35,861 $41,853 % Change from previous Qtr. -1.9 % -56.9 % 80.4 % -86.2 % 207.0 % 47.0 % 32.2 % 16.7 % EBITDA margin (3) 36.5 % 10.1 % 15.8 % 2.2 % 6.9 % 10.4 % 13.9 % 16.6 % Sprint acquisition costs (14) $400 $739 $351 $17,001 $9,037 $12,370 $- $- Cash payments under IP Transit Services Agreement (11) $- $29,167 $87,500 $87,500 $87,500 $66,667 $25,000 $25,000 EBITDA, as adjusted for Sprint acquisition costs and cash payments under IP Transit Services Agreement (3) (11) (14) $56,453 $54,062 $131,438 $110,512 $114,989 $106,163 $60,861 $66,853 % Change from previous Qtr. -1.6 % -4.2 % 143.1 % -15.9 % 4.1 % -7.7 % -42.7 % 9.8 % EBITDA, as adjusted for Sprint acquisition costs and cash payments under IP Transit Services Agreement, margin (3) (11) (14) 36.8 % 22.5 % 47.7 % 40.6 % 43.2 % 40.8 % 23.7 % 26.5 % Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities $35,821 $82,654 $(52,433) $(48,701) $19,219 $(22,171) $(20,226) $14,532 % Change from previous Qtr. -1.4 % 130.7 % -163.4 % 7.1 % 139.5 % -215.4 % 8.8 % 171.8 % Capital expenditures $23,204 $37,449 $25,373 $43,609 $40,883 $48,767 $59,244 $46,104 % Change from previous Qtr. 18.4 % 61.4 % -32.2 % 71.9 % -6.3 % 19.3 % 21.5 % -22.2 % Principal payments of capital (finance) lease obligations $9,450 $7,797 $41,302 $18,813 $23,235 $133,472 $4,516 $27,979 % Change from previous Qtr. -61.5 % -17.5 % 429.7 % -54.5 % 23.5 % 474.4 % -96.6 % 519.6 % Dividends paid (17) $45,311 $44,907 $45,136 $46,362 $478 $93,304 $47,210 $48,416 Gross Leverage Ratio (3) (11) 5.47 5.63 4.79 4.07 3.57 4.06 4.94 5.72 Net Leverage Ratio (3) (11) 4.46 4.56 4.24 3.75 3.17 3.14 4.13 5.07 Customer Connections – end of period (15) (16) On-Net customer connections 83,268 92,846 88,250 88,291 87,574 87,387 87,655 87,500 % Change from previous Qtr. 0.8 % 11.5 % -5.0 % 0.0 % -0.8 % -0.2 % 0.3 % -0.2 % Off-Net customer connections 13,785 38,762 36,923 36,676 34,579 32,758 32,420 28,963 % Change from previous Qtr. 1.9 % 181.2 % -4.7 % -0.7 % -5.7 % -5.3 % -1.0 % -10.7 % Wavelength customer connections (1) 414 449 661 693 754 1,041 1,118 % Change from previous Qtr. - 8.5 % 47.2 % 4.8 % 8.8 % 38.1 % 7.4 % Non-Core customer connections (2) (16) 374 19,408 12,403 11,975 10,037 7,883 5,217 5,802 % Change from previous Qtr. 3.0 % NM -36.1 % -3.5 % -16.2 % -21.5 % -33.8 % 11.2 % Total customer connections (15) (16) 97,427 151,430 138,025 137,603 132,883 128,782 126,333 123,383 % Change from previous Qtr. 0.9 % 55.4 % -8.9 % -0.3 % -3.4 % -3.1 % -1.9 % -2.3 % Corporate customer connections (5) (16) 44,570 61,284 55,045 54,493 51,821 48,690 47,613 46,371 % Change from previous Qtr. -0.6 % 37.5 % -10.2 % -1.0 % -4.9 % -6.0 % -2.2 % -2.6 % Net-centric customer connections (5) (15) 52,857 66,711 62,291 62,370 61,599 61,736 62,273 62,236 % Change from previous Qtr. 2.3 % 26.2 % -6.6 % 0.1 % -1.2 % 0.2 % 0.9 % -0.1 % Enterprise customer connections (5) - 23,435 20,689 20,740 19,463 18,356 16,447 14,776 % Change from previous Qtr. - NM -11.7 % 0.2 % -6.2 % -5.7 % -10.4 % -10.2 % On-Net Buildings – end of period Multi-Tenant office buildings 1,841 1,844 1,860 1,862 1,861 1,864 1,870 1,871 Carrier neutral data center buildings 1,294 1,327 1,336 1,346 1,376 1,393 1,410 1,423 Cogent data centers 55 56 60 68 78 86 95 104 Edge data centers - - 1 1 6 43 49 55 Total on-net buildings 3,190 3,227 3,257 3,277 3,321 3,386 3,424 3,453 Total carrier neutral data center nodes 1,490 1,526 1,528 1,558 1,586 1,602 1,627 1,646 Wave enabled data centers - - - 265 295 516 657 808 Square feet – multi-tenant office buildings – on-net 1,001,382,577 1,001,491,002 1,006,523,795 1,008,006,655 1,009,702,653 1,011,171,523 1,015,544,543 1,015,861,483 Total Technical Buildings Owned (12) - 482 482 482 482 482 482 482 Square feet – Technical Buildings Owned (12) - 1,603,569 1,603,569 1,603,569 1,603,569 1,603,569 1,603,569 1,603,569 Network – end of period Intercity route miles – Leased 61,300 72,694 72,694 72,552 76,211 75,965 77,561 79,621 Metro route miles – Leased 17,826 22,556 22,128 24,779 25,977 27,373 28,510 29,802 Metro fiber miles – Leased 42,863 75,577 69,943 77,365 79,138 80,042 84,476 87,678 Intercity route miles – Owned 2,748 21,883 21,883 21,883 21,883 21,883 21,883 21,883 Metro route miles – Owned 445 1,704 1,704 1,704 1,704 1,704 1,704 1,704 Connected networks – AS's 7,864 7,891 7,971 7,988 8,098 8,135 8,212 8,250 Headcount – end of period (13) Sales force – quota bearing (13) 562 647 637 657 677 656 655 650 Sales force – total (13) 714 841 833 847 871 851 847 843 Total employees (13) 1,107 2,020 1,990 1,947 1,955 1,901 1,908 1,916 Sales rep productivity – units per full time equivalent sales rep ("FTE") per month (15) 4.0 9.2 3.6 3.3 4.0 3.8 4.0 3.5 FTE – sales reps 539 567 621 620 627 632 620 622 (1) In connection with the acquisition of the Wireline Business, Cogent began to provide optical wavelength services and optical transport services over its fiber network. (2) Consists of legacy services of companies whose assets or businesses were acquired by Cogent.(3) See Schedules of Non-GAAP measures below for definitions and reconciliations to GAAP measures.(4) Network operations expense excludes equity-based compensation expense of $149, $231, $370, $370, $385, $350, $469 and $477 in the three-month periods ended March 31, 2023 through December 31, 2024 respectively. Network operations expense includes excise taxes, including Universal Service Fund fees, of $4,193, $11,040, $14,557, $20,428, $20,549, $19,182, $19,752 and $20,960 in the three-month periods ended March 31, 2023 through December 31, 2024, respectively. (5) In connection with the acquisition of the Wireline Business, Cogent classified revenue and customer connections as follows: $12.9 million of the Wireline Business monthly recurring revenue and 17,823 customer connections as corporate revenue and corporate customer connections, respectively, $6.5 million of monthly recurring revenue and 5,711 customer connections as net-centric revenue and net-centric customer connections, respectively, and $20.1 million of monthly recurring revenue and 23,209 customer connections as enterprise revenue and enterprise customer connections, respectively. Conversely, Cogent reclassified $0.3 million of monthly recurring revenue and 387 customer connections of legacy Cogent monthly recurring revenue to enterprise revenue and enterprise customer connections, respectively $0.3 million of corporate monthly recurring revenue and 363 corporate customer connections and $0.02 million of net-centric monthly recurring revenue and 24 net-centric customer connections. (6) GAAP gross profit is defined as total service revenue less network operations expense, depreciation and amortization and equity-based compensation included in network operations expense. GAAP gross margin is defined as GAAP gross profit divided by total service revenue.(7) Non-GAAP gross profit represents service revenue less network operations expense, excluding equity-based compensation and amounts shown separately (depreciation and amortization expense). Non-GAAP gross margin is defined as non-GAAP gross profit divided by total service revenue. Management believes that non-GAAP gross profit and non-GAAP gross margin are relevant measures to provide investors. Management uses them to measure the margin available to the company after network service costs, in essence a measure of the efficiency of the Company's network.(8) Excludes equity-based compensation expense of $6,432, $6,018, $7,041, $6,314, $6,565, $3,215, $7,406 and $6,871 in the three-month periods ended March 31, 2023 through December 31, 2024, respectively and excludes $400, $739, $351, $17,001, $9,037 and $12,370 of Sprint acquisition costs for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2023 through June 30, 2024, respectively. There were no Sprint acquisition costs for the three months ended September 30, 2024 or December 31, 2024. (9) As of December 31, 2024, Cogent was party to an interest rate swap agreement (the "Swap Agreement") that has the economic effect of modifying the fixed interest rate obligation associated with its Senior Secured 2026 Notes to a variable interest rate obligation based on the Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") so that the interest payable on the 2026 Notes effectively became variable based on overnight SOFR. Interest expense includes payments of $9,507, $11,997, $12,122 and $12,081 for the three-month periods ended June 30, 2023, December 31, 2023, June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2024, respectively related to the Swap Agreement. Under GAAP, changes in the valuation of the Swap Agreement are classified with interest expense in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive (loss) income.(10) The gain on bargain purchase from the Sprint acquisition was $1.4 billion as shown below. (In thousands) Gain on bargain purchase Fair value of net assets acquired $826,067 Total net consideration to be received from Seller, net of discounts 602,581 Gain on bargain purchase $1,428,648 (11) Includes cash payments under the IP Transit Services Agreement, as discussed above, of $29.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, $87.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, $87.5 million for the three months ended December 31, 2023, $87.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, $66.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024, $25.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024, and $25.0 million for the three months ended December 31, 2024. (12) In connection with the acquisition of the Wireline Business, Cogent acquired 482 technical buildings. Fifty two of those buildings have been converted to a Cogent Data Center. (13) In connection with the acquisition of the Wireline Business, Cogent hired 942 total employees, including 75 quota bearing sales employees and 114 sales employees. As of June 30, 2023, there were 888 employees remaining from the original Wireline Business employees. As of September 30, 2023, there were 839 employees remaining from the original Wireline Business employees. As of December 31, 2023, there were 758 employees remaining from the original Wireline Business employees. As of March 31, 2024, there were 718 employees remaining from the original Wireline Business employees. As of June 30, 2024, there were 655 employees remaining from the original Wireline Business employees. As of September 30, 2024, there were 635 employees remaining from the original Wireline Business employees. As of December 31, 2024, there were 624 employees remaining from the original Wireline Business employees. (14) In connection with the acquisition of the Wireline Business the Company incurred the following Sprint acquisition costs: $0.4 million of in the three months ended March 31, 2023, $0.7 million in the three months ended June 30, 2023, $0.4 million in the three months ended September 30, 2023, $17.0 million in the three months ended December 31, 2023, $9.0 million in the three months ended March 31, 2024, and $12.4 million in the three months ended June 30, 2024. Included in Sprint acquisition costs were the following reimbursable severance costs: $16.2 million of reimbursable severance costs in the three months ended December 31, 2023, $4.3 million of reimbursable severance costs in the three months ended March 31, 2024, and $8.0 million of reimbursable severance costs in the three months ended June 30, 2024. (15) Sales rep productivity for Q2 2023 included 9,084 net-centric customer connections from a commercial services agreement ("CSA") with TMUSA entered into in May 2023. Net-centric revenue under the CSA (predominantly on-net revenue) was $7.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023, $8.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, $8.6 million for the three months ended December 31, 2023 $3.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, $5.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024, $4.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024, and $1.5 million for the three months ended December 31, 2024. Net-centric customer connections under the CSA were: 8,028 as of June 30, 2023, 4,661 as of September 30, 2023, 3,576 as of December 31, 2023, 2,658 as of March 31, 2024, 2,117 as of June 30, 2024, 2,053 as of September 30, 2024, and 1,776 as of December 31, 2024. (16) As of June 30, 2023, total non-core customer connections included 8,486 Session Initiation Protocol ("SIP") customer connections. This non-core corporate product was discontinued. There were no SIP, non-core customer connections from September 30, 2023 to December 31, 2024. (17) The first quarter 2024 dividend totaling $45.8 million was declared on February 28, 2024, and paid on April 9, 2024. (18) Included in on-net revenue and enterprise revenue from May 2023 to July 2024 was $1.7 million of monthly revenue from an uneconomic resale customer acquired in connection with the Wireline Business. The service was cancelled on July 31, 2024. (19) On July 1, 2024, Cogent changed its estimated useful life of its owned fiber to an average of 14 years to an average of 40 years. NM Not meaningful Schedules of Non-GAAP Measures EBITDA, EBITDA, as adjusted for Sprint acquisition costs and cash payments made to the Company under the IP Transit Services Agreement, EBITDA margin and EBITDA, as adjusted for Sprint acquisition costs and cash payments made to the Company under the IP Transit Services Agreement , margin EBITDA represents net cash flows provided by operating activities plus changes in operating assets and liabilities, cash interest expense and cash income tax expense. Management believes the most directly comparable measure to EBITDA calculated in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States, or GAAP, is net cash provided by operating activities. The Company also believes that EBITDA is a measure frequently used by securities analysts, investors, and other interested parties in their evaluation of issuers. EBITDA, as adjusted for Sprint acquisition costs and cash payments under the IP Transit Services Agreement with T-Mobile, represents EBITDA plus costs related to the Company's acquisition of the Wireline Business and cash payments made to the Company under the IP Transit Agreement. EBITDA margin is defined as EBITDA divided by total service revenue. EBITDA, as adjusted for Sprint acquisition costs and cash payments made to the Company under the IP Transit Agreement margin is defined as EBITDA, as adjusted for Sprint acquisition costs and cash payments made to the Company under the IP Transit Agreement, divided by total service revenue. The Company believes that EBITDA, EBITDA, as adjusted for Sprint acquisition costs and cash payments made to the Company under the IP Transit Services Agreement, EBITDA margin and EBITDA as adjusted for Sprint acquisition costs and cash payments made to the Company under the IP Transit Services Agreement margin are useful measures of its ability to service debt, fund capital expenditures, pay dividends and expand its business. The company believes its EBITDA, as adjusted for Sprint acquisition costs and cash payments made to the Company under the IP Transit Services Agreement, is a useful measure because it includes recurring cash flows stemming from the IP Transit Services Agreement that are of the same type as contracted payments under commercial contracts. The measurements are an integral part of the internal reporting and planning system used by management as a supplement to GAAP financial information. EBITDA, EBITDA, as adjusted for Sprint acquisition costs and cash payments made to the Company under the IP Transit Agreement, EBITDA margin and EBITDA as adjusted for Sprint acquisition costs and cash payments made to the Company under the IP Transit Agreement margin are not recognized terms under GAAP and accordingly, should not be viewed in isolation or as a substitute for the analysis of results as reported under GAAP, but rather as a supplemental measure to GAAP. For example, these measures are not intended to reflect the Company's free cash flow, as they do not consider certain current or future cash requirements, such as capital expenditures, contractual commitments, and changes in working capital needs, interest expenses and debt service requirements. The Company's calculations of these measures may also differ from the calculations performed by its competitors and other companies and as such, their utility as a comparative measure is limited. EBITDA, and EBITDA, as adjusted for Sprint acquisition costs and cash payments made to the Company under the IP Transit Services Agreement, are reconciled to net cash provided by operating activities in the table below. Q12023 Q22023 Q32023 Q42023 Q12024 Q22024 Q32024 Q42024 YEAR2023 YEAR2024 ($ in 000's) – unaudited Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities $35,821 $82,654 $(52,433) $(48,701) $19,219 $(22,171) $(20,226) $14,532 $17,345 $(8,645) Changes in operating assets and liabilities $1,435 $(90,373) $51,064 $36,288 $(34,640) $11,077 $22,868 $27,892 (1,589) 30,343 Cash interest expense and income tax expense 18,797 31,875 44,956 18,424 33,873 38,220 33,219 (571) 114,048 101,120 EBITDA $56,053 $24,156 $43,587 $6,011 $18,452 $27,126 $35,861 $41,853 $129,804 $122,818 PLUS: Sprint acquisition costs $400 $739 $351 $17,001 $9,037 $12,370 $- $- $18,492 $21,407 PLUS: Cash payments made to the Company under IP Transit Services Agreement - 29,167 87,500 87,500 87,500 66,667 25,000 25,000 204,167 204,167 EBITDA, as adjusted for Sprint acquisition costs and cash payments made to the Company under IP Transit Services Agreement $56,453 $54,062 $131,438 $110,512 $114,989 $106,163 $60,861 $66,853 $352,463 $348,392 EBITDA margin 36.5 % 10.1 % 15.8 % 2.2 % 6.9 % 10.4 % 13.9 % 16.6 % 13.8 % 11.9 % EBITDA, as adjusted for Sprint acquisition costs and cash payments made to the Company under IP Transit Services Agreement, margin 36.8 % 22.5 % 47.7 % 40.6 % 43.2 % 40.8 % 23.7 % 26.5 % 37.5 % 33.6 % Constant currency revenue is reconciled to service revenue as reported in the tables below. Constant currency impact on revenue changes – sequential periods ($ in 000's) – unaudited Q1 2023 Q2 2023 Q3 2023 Q4 2023 Q1 2024 Q2 2024 Q3 2024 Q4 2024 YEAR 2023 YEAR 2024 Service revenue, as reported – current period $153,588 $239,806 $275,429 $272,099 $266,168 $260,443 $257,202 $252,291 $940,922 $1,036,104 Impact of foreign currencies on service revenue (1,292) (417) 10 375 (304) 323 (620) 1,022 (2,079) 261 Service revenue - as adjusted for currency impact (1) $152,296 $239,389 $275,439 $272,474 $265,864 $260,766 $256,582 $253,313 $938,843 $1,036,365 Service revenue, as reported – prior sequential period $151,979 $153,588 $239,806 $275,429 $272,099 $266,168 $260,443 $257,202 $599,604 $940,922 Constant currency revenue increase (decrease) $317 $85,801 $35,633 $(2,955) $(6,235) $(5,402) $(3,861) $(3,889) $339,239 $95,443 Constant currency revenue percent increase (decrease) 0.2 % 55.9 % 14.9 % -1.1 % -2.3 % -2.0 % -1.5 % -1.5 % 56.6 % 10.1 % (1) Service revenue, as adjusted for currency impact, is determined by translating the service revenue for the current period at the average foreign currency exchange rates for the prior sequential period. The Company believes that disclosing quarterly sequential revenue growth without the impact of foreign currencies on service revenue is a useful measure of sequential revenue growth. Service revenue, as adjusted for currency impact, is an integral part of the internal reporting and planning system used by management as a supplement to GAAP financial information. Constant currency impact on revenue changes – prior year periods ($ in 000's) – unaudited Q1 2023 Q2 2023 Q3 2023 Q4 2023 Q1 2024 Q2 2024 Q3 2024 Q4 2024 YEAR 2023 YEAR 2024 Service revenue, as reported – current period $153,588 $239,806 $275,429 $272,099 $266,168 $260,443 $257,202 $252,291 $940,922 $1,036,104 Impact of foreign currencies on service revenue 1,553 (277) (1,768) (1,412) (362) 420 (213) 405 (2,079) 261 Service revenue - as adjusted for currency impact (2) $155,141 $239,529 $273,661 $270,687 $265,806 $260,863 $256,989 $252,696 $938,843 $1,036,365 Service revenue, as reported – prior year period 149,175 148,450 $150,000 $151,979 $153,588 $239,806 $275,429 $272,099 $599,604 $940,922 Constant currency revenue increase 5,966 91,079 $123,661 $118,708 $112,218 $21,057 $(18,440) $(19,403) $339,239 $95,443 Constant currency percent revenue increase 4.0 % 61.4 % 82.4 % 78.1 % 73.1 % 8.8 % -6.7 % -7.1 % 56.6 % 10.1 % (2) Service revenue, as adjusted for currency impact, is determined by translating the service revenue for the current period at the average foreign currency exchange rates for the comparable prior year period. The Company believes that disclosing year over year revenue growth without the impact of foreign currencies on service revenue is a useful measure of revenue growth. Service revenue, as adjusted for currency impact, is an integral part of the internal reporting and planning system used by management as a supplement to GAAP financial information. Revenue on a constant currency basis and adjusted for the impact of excise taxes is reconciled to service revenue as reported in the tables below. Constant currency and excise tax impact on revenue changes – sequential periods ($ in 000's) – unaudited Q1 2023 Q2 2023 Q3 2023 Q4 2023 Q1 2024 Q2 2024 Q3 2024 Q4 2024 YEAR 2023 YEAR 2024 Service revenue, as reported – current period $153,588 $239,806 $275,429 $272,099 $266,168 $260,443 $257,202 $252,291 $940,922 $1,036,104 Impact of foreign currencies on service revenue (1,292) (417) 10 375 (304) 323 (620) 1,022 (2,079) 261 Impact of excise taxes on service revenue (107) (6,847) (3,517) (5,871) (121) 1,367 (570) (1,208) (34,824) (30,224) Service revenue - as adjusted for currency and excise taxes impact (3) $152,189 $232,542 $271,922 $266,603 $265,743 $262,133 $256,012 $252,105 $904,019 $1,006,141 Service revenue, as reported – prior sequential period $151,979 $153,588 $239,806 $275,429 $272,099 $266,168 $260,443 $257,202 $599,604 $940,922 Constant currency and excise taxes revenue increase (decrease) $210 $78,954 $32,116 $(8,826) $(6,356) $(4,035) $(4,431) $(5,097) $304,415 $65,219 Constant currency and excise tax revenue percent increase (decrease) 0.1 % 51.4 % 13.4 % -3.2 % -2.3 % -1.5 % -1.7 % -2.0 % 50.8 % 6.9 % (3) Service revenue, as adjusted for currency impact and the impact of excise taxes, is determined by translating the service revenue for the current period at the average foreign currency exchange rates for the prior sequential period and adjusting for the changes in excise taxes recorded as revenue between the periods presented. The Company believes that disclosing quarterly sequential revenue growth without the impact of foreign currencies and excise taxes on service revenue is a useful measure of sequential revenue growth. Service revenue, as adjusted for the impact of foreign currency and excise taxes, is an integral part of the internal reporting and planning system used by management as a supplement to GAAP financial information. Constant currency and excise tax impact on revenue changes – prior year periods ($ in 000's) – unaudited Q1 2023 Q2 2023 Q3 2023 Q4 2023 Q1 2024 Q2 2024 Q3 2024 Q4 2024 YEAR 2023 YEAR 2024 Service revenue, as reported – current period $153,588 $239,806 $275,429 $272,099 $266,168 $260,443 $257,202 $252,291 $940,922 $1,036,104 Impact of foreign currencies on service revenue 1,553 (277) (1,768) (1,412) (362) 420 (213) 405 (2,079) 261 Impact of excise taxes on service revenue (451) (7,592) (10,439) (16,342) (16,356) (8,142) (5,195) (532) (34,824) (30,224) Service revenue - as adjusted for currency and excise taxes impact (4) $154,690 $231,937 $263,222 $254,345 $249,450 $252,721 $251,794 $252,164 $904,019 $1,006,141 Service revenue, as reported – prior year period $149,175 $148,450 $150,000 $151,979 $153,588 $239,806 $275,429 $272,099 $599,604 $940,922 Constant currency and excise taxes revenue increase $5,515 $83,487 $113,222 $102,366 $95,862 $12,915 $(23,635) $(19,935) $304,401 $65,219 Constant currency and excise tax percent revenue increase 3.7 % 56.2 % 75.5 % 67.4 % 62.4 % 5.4 % -8.6 % -7.3 % 50.8 % 6.9 % (4) Service revenue, as adjusted for currency impact and the impact of excise taxes, is determined by translating the service revenue for the current period at the average foreign currency exchange rates for the prior year period and adjusting for the changes in excise taxes recorded as revenue between the periods presented. The Company believes that disclosing quarterly sequential revenue growth without the impact of foreign currencies and excise taxes on service revenue is a useful measure of sequential revenue growth. Service revenue, as adjusted for the impact of foreign currency and excise taxes, is an integral part of the internal reporting and planning system used by management as a supplement to GAAP financial information. Non-GAAP gross profit and non-GAAP gross margin Non-GAAP gross profit and non-GAAP gross margin are reconciled to GAAP gross profit and GAAP gross margin in the table below. Q1 2023 Q2 2023 Q3 2023 Q4 2023 Q1 2024 Q2 2024 Q3 2024 Q4 2024 YEAR 2023 YEAR 2024 ($ in 000's) – unaudited Service revenue total $153,588 $239,806 $275,429 $272,099 $266,168 $260,443 $257,202 $252,291 $940,922 $1,036,104 Minus - Network operations expense including equity-based compensation and depreciation and amortization expense 83,798 190,013 260,328 242,355 239,824 230,203 247,367 222,455 776,493 939,849 GAAP Gross Profit (5) $69,790 $49,793 $15,101 $29,744 $26,344 $30,240 $9,835 $29,836 $164,429 $96,255 Plus - Equity-based compensation – network operations expense 149 231 370 370 385 350 469 477 1,120 1,681 Plus – Depreciation and amortization expense $25,160 $52,511 $86,734 $67,805 $70,891 $74,036 $85,815 $67,272 $232,208 $298,014 Non-GAAP Gross Profit (6) $95,099 $102,535 $102,205 $97,919 $97,620 $104,626 $96,119 $97,585 $397,757 $395,950 GAAP Gross Margin (5) 45.4 % 20.8 % 5.5 % 10.9 % 9.9 % 11.6 % 3.8 % 11.8 % 17.5 % 9.3 % Non-GAAP Gross Margin (6) 61.9 % 42.8 % 37.1 % 36.0 % 36.7 % 40.2 % 37.4 % 38.7 % 42.3 % 38.2 % (5) GAAP gross profit is defined as total service revenue less network operations expense, depreciation and amortization and equity-based compensation included in network operations expense. GAAP gross margin is defined as GAAP gross profit divided by total service revenue. (6) Non-GAAP gross profit represents service revenue less network operations expense, excluding equity-based compensation and amounts shown separately (depreciation and amortization expense). Non-GAAP gross margin is defined as non-GAAP gross profit divided by total service revenue. Management believes that non-GAAP gross profit and non-GAAP gross margin are relevant measures for investors, as they are measures that management uses to measure the margin and amount available to the Company after network service costs, in essence, these are measures of the efficiency of the Company's network. Gross and Net Leverage Ratios Gross leverage ratio is defined as total debt divided by the trailing 12 months EBITDA, as adjusted for Sprint acquisition costs and cash payments under the IP Transit Services Agreement. Net leverage ratio is defined as total net debt (total debt minus cash and cash equivalents) divided by the last 12 months EBITDA, as adjusted for Sprint acquisition costs and cash payments under the IP Transit Services Agreement. Cogent's gross leverage ratios and net leverage ratios are shown below. ($ in 000's) – unaudited As of March 31, 2023 As of June 30, 2023 As of September 30, 2023 As of December 31, 2023 As of March 31, 2024 As of June 30, 2024 As of September 30, 2024 As of December 31, 2024 Cash and cash equivalents & restricted cash $234,422 $243,953 $166,072 $113,781 $163,274 $426,241 $316,092 $227,916 Debt Capital (finance) leases – current portion 19,782 20,114 63,236 64,594 64,043 21,253 21,939 21,225 Capital (finance) leases – long term 300,600 311,405 419,941 419,921 453,473 405,176 460,632 517,161 Senior Secured 2026 Notes 500,000 500,000 500,000 500,000 500,000 500,000 500,000 500,000 Secured IPV4 Notes 206,000 206,000 206,000 Senior Unsecured 2027 Notes 450,000 450,000 450,000 450,000 450,000 750,000 750,000 750,000 Total debt 1,270,382 1,281,519 1,433,177 1,434,515 1,467,516 1,882,429 1,938,571 1,994,386 Total net debt 1,035,960 1,037,566 1,267,105 1,320,734 1,304,242 1,456,188 1,622,479 1,766,470 Trailing 12 months EBITDA, as adjusted for Sprint acquisition costs and cash payments from the IP Transit Services Agreement 232,169 227,774 298,984 352,465 411,001 463,102 392,525 348,392 Gross leverage ratio 5.47 5.63 4.79 4.07 3.57 4.06 4.94 5.72 Net leverage ratio 4.46 4.56 4.24 3.75 3.17 3.14 4.13 5.07 Cogent's SEC filings are available online via the Investor Relations section of www.cogentco.com or on the Securities and Exchange Commission's website at www.sec.gov. COGENT COMMUNICATIONS HOLDINGS, INC., AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2024 AND 2023 (IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA) 2024 2023 Assets Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents $ 198,486 $ 75,092 Restricted cash 29,430 38,689 Accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses of $9,762 and $3,677, respectively 96,934 135,475 Due from T-Mobile, IP Transit Services Agreement, current portion, net of discount of $16,915 and $24,898, respectively 83,085 179,269 Due from T-Mobile, Transition Services Agreement 62 4,514 Prepaid expenses and other current assets 74,104 80,588 Total current assets 482,101 513,627 Property and equipment: Property and equipment 3,319,731 2,947,376 Accumulated depreciation and amortization (1,655,564) (1,409,559) Total property and equipment, net 1,664,167 1,537,817 Right-of-use leased assets 324,315 361,587 IPv4 intangible assets 458,000 458,000 Other intangible assets, net 13,029 14,815 Due from T-Mobile, IP Transit Services Agreement, net of discount of $12,132 and $27,916, respectively 179,534 263,750 Due from T-Mobile, Purchase Agreement, net of discount of $5,755 and $13,725, respectively 22,360 38,585 Deposits and other assets 29,596 23,438 Total assets $ 3,173,102 $ 3,211,619 Liabilities and stockholders' equity Current liabilities: Accounts payable $ 39,805 $ 48,356 Accrued and other current liabilities 134,609 120,523 Due to T-Mobile – Transition Services Agreement 525 66,908 Due to T-Mobile – Purchase Agreement — 4,981 Current maturities, operating lease liabilities 57,172 67,962 Finance lease obligations, current maturities 21,225 64,594 Total current liabilities 253,336 373,324 Senior secured 2026 notes, net of unamortized debt costs of $375 and $645, respectively, and discount of $499 and $857, respectively 499,126 498,498 Senior unsecured 2027 notes, net of unamortized debt costs of $2,013 and $941, respectively, and discounts of $7,053 and $1,970, respectively 740,934 447,088 Secured IPv4 notes, net of debt costs of $6,702 199,298 — Operating lease liabilities, net of current maturities 302,004 330,095 Finance lease obligations, net of current maturities 517,161 419,921 Deferred income tax liabilities 398,266 471,498 Other long-term liabilities 40,129 61,639 Total liabilities 2,950,254 2,602,063 Commitments and contingencies Stockholders' equity: Common stock, $0.001 par value; 75,000,000 shares authorized; 49,034,925 and 48,608,569 shares issued and outstanding, respectively 49 49 Additional paid-in capital 629,829 606,755 Accumulated other comprehensive loss (30,685) (14,385) Accumulated (deficit) earnings (376,345) 17,137 Total stockholders' equity 222,848 609,556 Total liabilities and stockholders' equity $ 3,173,102 $ 3,211,619 COGENT COMMUNICATIONS HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2024 AND DECEMBER 31, 2023 (IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA) Three Months Ended December 31, 2024 (Unaudited) Three Months Ended December 31, 2023 (Unaudited) Service revenue $ 252,291 $ 272,099 Operating expenses: Network operations (including $427 and $370 of equity-based compensation expense, respectively, exclusive of depreciation and amortization shown separately below) 155,183 174,550 Selling, general, and administrative (including $6,871 and $6,314 of equity-based compensation expense, respectively) 62,603 81,221 Acquisition costs – Sprint Business — 17,001 Depreciation and amortization 67,272 67,805 Total operating expenses 285,058 340,577 Operating loss (32,767) (68,478) Interest expense, including change in valuation interest rate swap agreement (37,739) (17,206) Gain on bargain purchase – Sprint Business — 254,049 Interest income – IP Transit Services Agreement 5,065 8,828 Interest income – Purchase Agreement 417 720 Interest income and other, net 10,014 1,797 (Loss) income before income taxes (55,010) 179,710 Income tax benefit 11,693 20,443 Net (loss) income $ (43,317) $ 200,153 Comprehensive (loss) income: Net (loss) income $ (43,317) $ 200,153 Foreign currency translation adjustment (18,391) 5,377 Comprehensive (loss) income $ (61,708) $ 205,530 Net (loss) income per common share: Basic net (loss) income per common share $ (0.91) $ 4.23 Diluted net (loss) income per common share $ (0.91) $ 4.17 Dividends declared per common share $ 0.995 $ 0.955 Weighted-average common shares - basic 47,540,833 47,353,291 Weighted-average common shares - diluted 47,540,833 48,037,841 COGENT COMMUNICATIONS HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME FOR EACH OF THE THREE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2024 (IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA) 2024 2023 2022 Service revenue $ 1,036,104 $ 940,922 $ 599,604 Operating expenses: Network operations (including $1,681, $1,069 and $553 of equity-based compensation expense, respectively), exclusive of amounts shown separately 641,836 544,232 228,154 Selling, general, and administrative (including $24,057, $25,855 and $23,886 of equity-based compensation expense, respectively) 275,781 275,318 163,021 Acquisition costs – Sprint Business 21,407 18,492 2,248 Depreciation and amortization 298,018 232,209 92,222 Total operating expenses 1,237,042 1,070,251 485,645 Gain on lease terminations and other 3,332 — — Operating (loss) income (197,606) (129,329) 113,959 Interest expense, including change in valuation – interest rate swap (123,317) (93,344) (110,697) Foreign exchange gain on 2024 Notes — — 31,561 Loss on debt extinguishment and redemption – 2024 Notes — — (11,885) Gain on bargain purchase – Sprint Business 22,202 1,406,435 — Interest income – IP Transit Services Agreement 23,767 26,796 — Interest income – Purchase Agreement 748 1,889 — Interest income and other 14,557 7,030 3,438 (Loss) income before income taxes (259,649) 1,219,477 26,376 Income tax benefit (expense) 55,575 53,964 (21,230) Net (loss) income $ (204,074) $ 1,273,441 $ 5,146 Comprehensive (loss) income: Net (loss) income $ (204,074) $ 1,273,441 $ 5,146 Foreign currency translation adjustment (16,300) 4,772 (8,153) Comprehensive (loss) income $ (220,374) $ 1,278,213 $ (3,007) Basic net (loss) income per common share $ (4.28) $ 26.88 $ 0.11 Diluted net (loss) income per common share $ (4.28) $ 26.62 $ 0.11 Dividends declared per common share $ 3.920 $ 3.760 $ 3.555 Weighted-average common shares-basic 47,627,873 47,373,361 46,875,992 Weighted-average common shares -diluted 47,627,873 47,837,512 47,207,298 COGENT COMMUNICATIONS HOLDINGS, INC., AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2024 AND DECEMBER 31, 2023 (IN THOUSANDS) Three Months Ended December 31, 2024 Three Months Ended December 31, 2023 Cash flows from operating activities: Net (loss) income $ (43,317) $ 200,153 Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities: Depreciation and amortization 67,272 67,805 Amortization of debt discounts and premium 1,324 337 Amortization of discounts, due from T-Mobile, IP Transit Services & Purchase Agreements (5,482) (9,548) Equity-based compensation expense (net of amounts capitalized) 7,348 6,684 Gain on bargain purchase – Sprint Business — (254,049) Gains—equipment transactions and other, net — 489 Deferred income taxes 15,279 (6,073) Changes in operating assets and liabilities: Accounts receivable 2,631 (47,755) Prepaid expenses and other current assets (1,890) (6,238) Due to T-Mobile – Transition Services Agreement (1,045) (2,721) Due from T-Mobile – Transition Services Agreement (62) 12,317 Deposits and other assets 2,409 (1,371) Accounts payable, accrued liabilities and other long-term liabilities (29,935) (8,731) Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities 14,532 (48,701) Cash flows from investing activities: Cash receipts - IP Transit Services Agreement – T-Mobile 25,000 87,500 Severance reimbursement – T-Mobile — 16,228 Purchases of property and equipment (46,104) (43,609) Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities (21,104) 60,119 Cash flows from financing activities: Dividends paid (48,416) (46,362) Principal payments of finance lease obligations (27,979) (18,813) Proceeds from exercises of common stock options 1,252 440 Net cash used in financing activities (75,143) (64,735) Effect of exchange rate changes on cash (6,461) 1,026 Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents & restricted cash (88,176) (52,291) Cash and cash equivalents & restricted cash, beginning of period 316,092 166,072 Cash and cash equivalents & restricted cash, end of period $ 227,916 $ 113,781 COGENT COMMUNICATIONS HOLDINGS, INC., AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS FOR EACH OF THE THREE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2024 (IN THOUSANDS) 2024 2023 2022 Cash flows from operating activities: Net (loss) income $ (204,074) $ 1,273,441 $ 5,146 Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities: Depreciation and amortization 298,018 232,209 92,222 Amortization of debt discounts and premium 3,688 1,323 1,464 Amortization of discounts, due from T-Mobile, IP Transit Services & Purchase Agreements (24,515) (28,685) — Equity-based compensation expense (net of amounts capitalized) 25,738 26,924 24,439 Gain on bargain purchase – Sprint Business (22,202) (1,406,435) — Foreign currency exchange gain on 2024 Notes — — (31,561) Loss on extinguishment & redemption of 2024 notes — — 11,885 Gain – lease termination (3,332) — — Gains—equipment transactions and other, net — 212 372 Deferred income taxes (51,623) (69,582) 16,539 Changes in operating assets and liabilities: Accounts receivable 38,541 (51,002) (2,838) Prepaid expenses and other current assets (5,839) (11,001) (7,427) Due to T-Mobile – Transition Services Agreement (66,383) 66,908 — Due from T-Mobile – Transition Services Agreement 4,452 (4,514) — Deposits and other assets (3,966) (1,548) (282) Accounts payable, accrued liabilities and other long-term liabilities 2,852 (10,905) 63,748 Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities (8,645) 17,345 173,707 Cash flows from investing activities: Cash receipts - IP Transit Services Agreement – T-Mobile 204,167 204,167 — Acquisition of Sprint Business, net of $47.1 million of cash acquired in 2023 12,323 2,191 — Purchases of property and equipment (194,998) (129,632) (78,971) Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities 21,492 76,726 (78,971) Cash flows from financing activities: Net proceeds from issuance of senior unsecured 2027 Notes, net of debt costs of $1.6 million in 2024 and a discount of $6.8 million in 2024 and debt costs of $1.3 million in 2022 291,879 — 446,010 Net proceeds from issuance of secured IPv4 notes – net of debt costs of $7.6 million 198,426 — — Redemption and extinguishment of unsecured 2024 Notes — — (375,354) Dividends paid (189,408) (181,716) (169,857) Purchases and retirement of common stock (7,968) — — Principal payments of finance lease obligations (74,632) (77,362) (45,472) Settlement of a finance lease – at a discount (114,576) — — Principal payments of installment payment agreement — — (790) Proceeds from exercises of common stock options 2,204 1,227 614 Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities 105,925 (257,851) (144,849) Effect of exchange rate changes on cash (4,637) 1,649 (2,599) Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents & restricted cash 114,135 (162,131) (52,712) Cash and cash equivalents & restricted cash, beginning of year 113,781 275,912 328,624 Cash and cash equivalents & restricted cash, end of year 227,916 113,781 275,912 Except for historical information and discussion contained herein, statements contained in this release constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such statements include, but are not limited to statements identified by words such as "believes," "expects," "anticipates," "estimates," "intends," "plans," "targets," "projects" and similar expressions. The statements in this release are based upon the current beliefs and expectations of Cogent's management and are subject to significant risks and uncertainties. Actual results may differ from those set forth in the forward-looking statements. Numerous factors could cause or contribute to such differences, including the impact of our acquisition of the Wireline Business, including our difficulties integrating our business with the acquired Wireline Business, which may result in the combined company not operating as effectively or efficiently as expected; transition services required to support the acquired Wireline Business and the related costs continuing for a longer period than expected; transition related costs associated with the acquisition; the COVID-19 pandemic and the related government policies; future economic instability in the global economy, including the risk of economic recession, recent bank failures and liquidity concerns at certain other banks or a contraction of the capital markets, which could affect spending on Internet services and our ability to engage in financing activities; the impact of changing foreign exchange rates (in particular the Euro to USD and Canadian dollar to USD exchange rates) on the translation of our non-USD denominated revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities; legal and operational difficulties in new markets; the imposition of a requirement that we contribute to the US Universal Service Fund on the basis of our Internet revenue; changes in government policy and/or regulation, including net neutrality rules by the United States Federal Communications Commission and in the area of data protection; cyber-attacks or security breaches of our network; increasing competition leading to lower prices for our services; our ability to attract new customers and to increase and maintain the volume of traffic on our network; the ability to maintain our Internet peering arrangements and right-of-way agreements on favorable terms; our reliance on a few equipment vendors, and the potential for hardware or software problems associated with such equipment; the dependence of our network on the quality and dependability of third-party fiber and right-of-way providers; our ability to retain certain customers that comprise a significant portion of our revenue base; the management of network failures and/or disruptions; our ability to make payments on our indebtedness as they become due and outcomes in litigation, risks associated with variable interest rates under our interest rate swap agreement, and outcomes in litigation as well as other risks discussed from time to time in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including, without limitation, our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the years ended December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2024 and our Form 10-Q for the quarterly periods ended March 31, 2023, June 30, 2023, September 30, 2023, March 31, 2024, June 30, 2024 and September 30, 2024. Cogent undertakes no duty to update any forward-looking statement or any information contained in this press release or in other public disclosures at any time. SOURCE Cogent Communications Holdings, Inc. WANT YOUR COMPANY'S NEWS FEATURED ON PRNEWSWIRE.COM? 440k+ Newsrooms & Influencers 9k+ Digital Media Outlets 270k+ Journalists Opted In

Cogent Communications Reports Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2024 Results and Increases its Regular Quarterly Dividend on its Common Stock

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