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CPKC reports first quarter results; solid demand, precision execution and a resilient network powers strong start to 2025

1. CPKC's Q1 revenue rose 8% to $3.8 billion, showing strong demand. 2. Diluted EPS increased 17% to $0.97; core adjusted EPS up 14% to $1.06. 3. Operating ratio improved to 65.3%, down from 67.4% in Q1 2024. 4. Railroad accident and injury rates decreased, indicating better safety performance. 5. 2025 EPS growth guidance adjusted to 10-14% amid trade policy uncertainties.

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Why Bullish?

The strong Q1 results indicate improved financial health and operational efficiency, potentially boosting investor confidence. Historically, positive earnings reports often lead to stock price appreciation, as seen when CP posted similar growth in 2023.

How important is it?

This report highlights CPKC's operational success and growth potential, making it highly relevant for investors and analysts assessing the company's trajectory.

Why Short Term?

The immediate positive sentiment resulting from strong quarterly results is likely to impact share prices shortly. Similar past earnings announcements have led to quick stock price adjustments.

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, /PRNewswire/ - Canadian Pacific Kansas City (TSX: CP) (NYSE: CP) (CPKC) today announced its first-quarter results, including revenues of $3.8 billion, diluted earnings per share (EPS) of $0.97 and core adjusted diluted EPS1 of $1.06. "Our talented team of world-class railroaders executed our precision scheduled operating plan to safely and efficiently move solid freight demand to start 2025, producing strong first-quarter results amidst ongoing turbulent market and macroeconomic conditions," said Keith Creel, CPKC President and Chief Executive Officer. "These first-quarter results demonstrate the power and resiliency of our unrivalled North American network." First-quarter 2025 results Revenues increased by eight percent to $3.8 billion from $3.5 billion in Q1 2024 Reported operating ratio (OR) decreased by 210 basis points to 65.3 percent from 67.4 percent in Q1 2024 Core adjusted OR1 decreased 150 basis points to 62.5 percent from 64.0 percent in Q1 2024 Reported diluted EPS increased 17 percent to $0.97 from $0.83 in Q1 2024 Core adjusted diluted EPS1 increased 14 percent to $1.06 from $0.93 in Q1 2024 Volumes, as measured in Revenue Ton-Miles (RTMs), increased four percent Federal Railroad Administration (FRA)-reportable personal injury frequency decreased to 0.98 from 1.14 in Q1 20242 FRA-reportable train accident frequency decreased to 0.38 from 0.90 in Q1 20242 "We remain focused on controlling what we can control, however, the increasing uncertainty created by evolving trade policies and the heightened risk of economic recession make it prudent to amend our 2025 earnings guidance at this time," said Creel. "CPKC's long-term value proposition remains unchanged. We will continue to operate safely and efficiently, as we deliver on our promise to provide premium service to our customers, bring new customer solutions and products to the market, and strengthen North American trade." Updated 2025 Outlook As a result of the ongoing tariff and trade policy uncertainty, CPKC now expects 2025 core adjusted diluted EPS1 to increase between 10 and 14 percent versus 2024 core adjusted diluted EPS1 of $4.25. 1    These measures have no standardized meanings prescribed by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") and, therefore, may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other companies. For information regarding non-GAAP measures including reconciliations and forward-looking non-GAAP measures, see attached supplementary schedule of Non-GAAP Measures. 2  The first-quarter 2024 FRA-reportable personal injury frequency and FRA-reportable train accident frequency have been restated to reflect new information available within specified periods stipulated by the FRA but that exceed CPKC's financial reporting timeline. Conference Call DetailsCPKC will discuss its results with the financial community in a conference call beginning at 4:30 p.m. ET (2:30 p.m. MT) on April 30, 2025. Conference Call AccessCanada and U.S.: 800-274-8461International: 203-518-9814*Conference ID: CPKCQ125Callers should dial in 10 minutes prior to the call. WebcastWe encourage you to access the webcast and presentation material in the Investors section of CPKC's website at investor.cpkcr.com.  A replay of the first-quarter conference call will be available through May 7, 2025, at 800-839-5125 (Canada/U.S.) or 402-220-1502 (International). Forward-looking informationThis news release contains certain forward-looking information and forward-looking statements (collectively, "forward-looking information") within the meaning of applicable securities laws in both the U.S. and Canada. Forward-looking information includes, but is not limited to, statements concerning expectations, beliefs, plans, goals, objectives, assumptions and statements about possible future events, conditions, and results of operations or performance. Forward-looking information may contain statements with words or headings such as "financial expectations", "key assumptions", "anticipate", "believe", "expect", "plan", "will", "outlook", "guidance", "should" or similar words suggesting future outcomes. This news release contains forward-looking information relating, but not limited, to statements concerning our ability to deliver on our financial guidance for 2025, strategic initiatives and investments, the success of our business, the realization of anticipated benefits and synergies of the CP-KCS combination, and the opportunities arising therefrom, our operations, priorities and plans, anticipated financial and operational performance, business prospects and demand for our services and growth opportunities. The forward-looking information in this news release is based on current expectations, estimates, projections and assumptions, having regard to CPKC's experience and its perception of historical trends, and includes, but is not limited to, expectations, estimates, projections and assumptions relating to: changes in business strategies, North American and global economic growth and conditions; commodity demand growth; sustainable industrial and agricultural production; commodity prices and interest rates; performance of our assets and equipment; sufficiency of our budgeted capital expenditures in carrying out our business plan; geopolitical conditions, applicable laws, regulations and government policies, including, without limitation, those relating to regulation of rates, tariffs, import/export, trade, taxes, wages, labour and immigration; the availability and cost of labour, services and infrastructure; labour disruptions; the satisfaction by third parties of their obligations to CPKC; and carbon markets, evolving sustainability strategies, and scientific or technological developments. Although CPKC believes the expectations, estimates, projections and assumptions reflected in the forward-looking information presented herein are reasonable as of the date hereof, there can be no assurance that they will prove to be correct. Current conditions, economic and otherwise, render assumptions, although reasonable when made, subject to greater uncertainty. Undue reliance should not be placed on forward-looking information as actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied by forward-looking information. By its nature, CPKC's forward-looking information involves inherent risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking information, including, but not limited to, the following factors: changes in business strategies and strategic opportunities; general Canadian, U.S., Mexican and global social, economic, political, credit and business conditions; risks associated with agricultural production such as weather conditions and insect populations; the availability and price of energy commodities; the effects of competition and pricing pressures, including competition from other rail carriers, trucking companies and maritime shippers in Canada, the U.S. and Mexico; North American and global economic growth and conditions; industry capacity; shifts in market demand; changes in commodity prices and commodity demand; uncertainty surrounding timing and volumes of commodities being shipped via CPKC; inflation; geopolitical instability; changes in laws, regulations and government policies, including, without limitation, those relating to regulation of rates, tariffs, import/export, trade, wages, labour and immigration; changes in taxes and tax rates; potential increases in maintenance and operating costs; changes in fuel prices; disruption in fuel supplies; uncertainties of investigations, proceedings or other types of claims and litigation; compliance with environmental regulations; labour disputes; changes in labour costs and labour difficulties; risks and liabilities arising from derailments; transportation of dangerous goods; timing of completion of capital and maintenance projects; sufficiency of budgeted capital expenditures in carrying out business plans; services and infrastructure; the satisfaction by third parties of their obligations; currency and interest rate fluctuations; exchange rates; effects of changes in market conditions and discount rates on the financial position of pension plans and investments; trade restrictions or other changes to international trade arrangements; the effects of current and future multinational trade agreements on the level of trade among Canada, the U.S. and Mexico; climate change and the market and regulatory responses to climate change; anticipated in-service dates; success of hedging activities; operational performance and reliability; customer, regulatory and other stakeholder approvals and support; regulatory and legislative decisions and actions; the adverse impact of any termination or revocation by the Mexican government of Kansas City Southern de México, S.A. de C.V.'s Concession; public opinion; various events that could disrupt operations, including severe weather, such as droughts, floods, avalanches and earthquakes, and cybersecurity attacks, as well as security threats and governmental response to them, and technological changes; acts of terrorism, war or other acts of violence or crime or risk of such activities; insurance coverage limitations; material adverse changes in economic and industry conditions, including the availability of short and long-term financing; the demand environment for logistics requirements and energy prices, restrictions imposed by public health authorities or governments, fiscal and monetary policy responses by governments and financial institutions, and disruptions to global supply chains; the realization of anticipated benefits and synergies of the CP-KCS transaction and the timing thereof; the satisfaction of the conditions imposed by the U.S. Surface Transportation Board in its March 15, 2023 final decision; the success of integration plans for KCS; other disruptions arising from the CP-KCS integration; estimated future dividends; financial strength and flexibility; debt and equity market conditions, including the ability to access capital markets on favourable terms or at all; cost of debt and equity capital; improvement in data collection and measuring systems; industry-driven changes to methodologies; and the ability of the management of CPKC to execute key priorities, including those in connection with the CP-KCS transaction. The foregoing list of factors is not exhaustive. These and other factors are detailed from time to time in reports filed by CPKC with securities regulators in Canada and the United States. Reference should be made to "Item 1A – Risk Factors" and "Item 7 – Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Forward-Looking Statements" in CPKC's annual and interim reports on Form 10-K and 10-Q. Any forward-looking information contained in this news release is made as of the date hereof. Except as required by law, CPKC undertakes no obligation to update publicly or otherwise revise any forward-looking information, or the foregoing assumptions and risks affecting such forward-looking information, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. About CPKCWith its global headquarters in Calgary, Alta., Canada, CPKC is the first and only single-line transnational railway linking Canada, the United States and México, with unrivaled access to major ports from Vancouver to Atlantic Canada to the Gulf Coast to Lázaro Cárdenas, México. Stretching approximately 20,000 route miles and employing 20,000 railroaders, CPKC provides North American customers unparalleled rail service and network reach to key markets across the continent. CPKC is growing with its customers, offering a suite of freight transportation services, logistics solutions and supply chain expertise. Visit cpkcr.com to learn more about the rail advantages of CPKC. CP-IR FINANCIAL STATEMENTS INTERIM CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME(unaudited) For the three months  ended March 31 (in millions of Canadian dollars, except share and per share data) 2025 2024 Revenues (Note 3) Freight $           3,727 $          3,427 Non-freight 68 93 Total revenues 3,795 3,520 Operating expenses Compensation and benefits 682 690 Fuel 481 458 Materials 124 94 Equipment rents 99 82 Depreciation and amortization 504 467 Purchased services and other 588 580 Total operating expenses 2,478 2,371 Operating income 1,317 1,149      Other expense (income) 7 (2)      Other components of net periodic benefit recovery (Note 11) (107) (88)      Net interest expense 216 206 Income before income tax expense 1,201 1,033 Current income tax expense 266 242 Deferred income tax expense 26 17 Income tax expense (Note 4) 292 259 Net income $              909 $              774 Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest (1) (1) Net income attributable to controlling shareholders $              910 $              775 Earnings per share (Note 5) Basic earnings per share $             0.98 $            0.83 Diluted earnings per share $             0.97 $            0.83 Weighted-average number of shares (millions) (Note 5) Basic 933.2 932.4 Diluted 934.3 934.4 Dividends declared per share $             0.19 $            0.19 See Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements. INTERIM CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME(unaudited) For the three monthsended March 31 (in millions of Canadian dollars) 2025 2024 Net income $           909 $          774 Net (loss) gain in foreign currency translation adjustments, net of hedging activities (29) 699 Change in derivatives designated as cash flow hedges 1 1 Change in pension and post-retirement defined benefit plans 3 12 Other comprehensive (loss) income before income taxes (25) 712 Income tax (expense) recovery (3) 6 Other comprehensive (loss) income (Note 6) (28) 718 Comprehensive income $           881 $       1,492 Comprehensive (loss) income attributable to non-controlling interest (2) 22 Comprehensive income attributable to controlling shareholders $           883 $       1,470 See Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements. INTERIM CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS AS AT(unaudited) March 31 December 31 (in millions of Canadian dollars) 2025 2024 Assets Current assets Cash and cash equivalents $                    695 $                    739 Accounts receivable, net (Note 7) 2,044 1,968 Materials and supplies 466 457 Other current assets 255 220 3,460 3,384 Investments 588 586 Properties 56,165 56,024 Goodwill 19,333 19,350 Intangible assets 3,120 3,146 Pension asset 4,684 4,586 Other assets 690 668 Total assets $               88,040 $               87,744 Liabilities and equity Current liabilities Accounts payable and accrued liabilities $                 2,735 $                 2,842 Long-term debt maturing within one year (Note 8, 9) 1,512 2,819 4,247 5,661 Pension and other benefit liabilities 547 548 Other long-term liabilities 866 867 Long-term debt (Note 8, 9) 21,140 19,804 Deferred income taxes 11,997 11,974 Total liabilities 38,797 38,854 Shareholders' equity Share capital 25,603 25,689 Additional paid-in capital 107 94 Accumulated other comprehensive income (Note 6) 2,653 2,680 Retained earnings 19,883 19,429 48,246 47,892 Non-controlling interest 997 998 Total equity 49,243 48,890 Total liabilities and equity $               88,040 $               87,744 See Contingencies (Note 13). See Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements. INTERIM CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS(unaudited) For the three monthsended March 31 (in millions of Canadian dollars) 2025 2024 Operating activities Net income $             909 $             774 Reconciliation of net income to cash provided by operating activities: Depreciation and amortization 504 467 Deferred income tax expense 26 17 Pension recovery and funding (Note 11) (95) (76) Settlement of Mexican taxes (Note 4) (11) — Settlement of foreign currency forward contracts (Note 9) — (65) Other operating activities, net (11) 1 Changes in non-cash working capital balances related to operations (166) (103) Net cash provided by operating activities 1,156 1,015 Investing activities Additions to properties (711) (527) Additions to Meridian Speedway properties (12) (4) Proceeds from sale of properties and other assets 11 1 Other investing activities, net (3) (12) Net cash used in investing activities (715) (542) Financing activities Dividends paid (177) (177) Issuance of Common Shares 8 22 Purchase of Common Shares (Note 10) (347) — Repayment of long-term debt, excluding commercial paper (Note 8) (935) (71) Issuance of long-term debt, excluding commercial paper (Note 8) 1,710 — Net repayment of commercial paper (Note 8) (453) (205) Net repayment of short term borrowings (Note 8) (285) — Other financing activities, net (5) — Net cash used in financing activities (484) (431) Effect of foreign currency fluctuations on foreign-denominated cash and cash equivalents (1) 13 Cash position Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents (44) 55 Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period 739 464 Cash and cash equivalents at end of period $             695 $             519 Supplemental cash flow information Income taxes paid $             237 $             242 Interest paid $             180 $             245 See Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements. INTERIM CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY (unaudited) For the three months ended March 31 (in millions of Canadian dollarsexcept per share data) Commonshares (inmillions) Share capital Additional paid-in capital Accumulated other comprehensive  income Retained earnings Total shareholders' equity Non-controllinginterest Total equity Balance as at January 1, 2025 933.5 $ 25,689 $            94 $               2,680 $   19,429 $          47,892 $          998 $ 48,890 Net income (loss) — — — — 910 910 (1) 909 Contribution from non-controllinginterest — — — — — — 1 1 Other comprehensive loss (Note 6) — — — (27) — (27) (1) (28) Dividends declared ($0.19 per  share) — — — — (177) (177) — (177) Effect of stock-based compensationexpense — — 16 — — 16 — 16 Common Shares repurchased(Note 10) (3.3) (96) — — (279) (375) — (375) Shares issued under stock option  plan 0.2 10 (3) — — 7 — 7 Balance as at March 31, 2025 930.4 $ 25,603 $          107 $               2,653 $   19,883 $          48,246 $          997 $ 49,243 Balance as at January 1, 2024 932.1 $ 25,602 $            88 $                (618) $   16,420 $          41,492 $          919 $ 42,411 Net income (loss) — — — — 775 775 (1) 774 Contribution from non-controllinginterest — — — — — — 1 1 Other comprehensive income(Note 6) — — — 695 — 695 23 718 Dividends declared ($0.19 pershare) — — — — (177) (177) — (177) Effect of stock-basedcompensation expense — — 13 — — 13 — 13 Shares issued under stock option plan 0.5 27 (6) — — 21 — 21 Balance as at March 31, 2024 932.6 $ 25,629 $            95 $                    77 $   17,018 $          42,819 $          942 $ 43,761 See Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements. NOTES TO INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSMarch 31, 2025 (unaudited) 1    Description of business and basis of presentation Canadian Pacific Kansas City Limited ("CPKC" or the "Company") owns and operates a transcontinental freight railway spanning Canada, the United States ("U.S."), and Mexico. CPKC provides rail and intermodal transportation services over a network of approximately 20,000 miles, serving principal business centres across Canada, the U.S., and Mexico. The Company transports bulk commodities, merchandise, and intermodal freight. CPKC's Common Shares ("Common Shares") trade on the Toronto Stock Exchange and New York Stock Exchange under the symbol "CP". These unaudited interim consolidated financial statements ("Interim Consolidated Financial Statements") have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. ("GAAP"). They do not include all of the information required for a complete set of annual financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP and should be read in conjunction with the Company's audited consolidated financial statements as at and for the year ended December 31, 2024 ("last annual consolidated financial statements"). Selected explanatory notes are included to explain events and transactions that are significant to an understanding of the changes in the Company's financial position and results of operations since the last annual consolidated financial statements. These Interim Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared using the same significant accounting policies used in the last annual consolidated financial statements. Amounts are stated in Canadian dollars unless otherwise noted. The Company's operations and income for interim periods can be affected by seasonal fluctuations such as changes in customer demand and weather conditions, and may not be indicative of annual results. Operating segment The Company only has one operating segment: rail transportation. The Company's measure of segment profit is reported on the Interim Consolidated Statements of Income as "Net income attributable to controlling shareholders". CPKC's significant segment expenses are consistent with the expenses presented on the Interim Consolidated Statements of Income. 2    Accounting changes Recently adopted accounting standards The accounting standards that have become effective during the three months ended March 31, 2025 did not have a material impact on the Interim Consolidated Financial Statements. Accounting standards not yet adopted Recently issued accounting pronouncements are not expected to have a material impact on the Company's financial position or results of operations when they are adopted. 3    Revenues  The following table presents disaggregated information about the Company's revenues from contracts with customers by major source: For the three monthsended March 31 (in millions of Canadian dollars) 2025 2024 Grain $             788 $             730 Coal 257 209 Potash 156 137 Fertilizers and sulphur 114 104 Forest products 217 202 Energy, chemicals and plastics 758 702 Metals, minerals and consumer products 448 440 Automotive 315 265 Intermodal 674 638 Total freight revenues 3,727 3,427 Non-freight excluding leasing revenues 41 63 Revenues from contracts with customers 3,768 3,490 Leasing revenues 27 30 Total revenues $          3,795 $          3,520 4    Income taxes The effective income tax rate including discrete items for the three months ended March 31, 2025 was 24.32%, compared to 25.09% for the same period of 2024. For the three months ended March 31, 2025, the effective income tax rate was 24.50%, excluding the discrete items of amortization of business acquisition fair value adjustments of $94 million, and acquisition-related costs incurred by the Company of $20 million. For the three months ended March 31, 2024, the effective income tax rate was 25.00%, excluding the discrete items of amortization of business acquisition fair value adjustments of $86 million, acquisition-related costs incurred by CPKC of $26 million, and adjustments to provisions for Mexican taxes of $10 million recognized in "Compensation and benefits". Mexican Tax Settlements During the three months ended March 31, 2025, the company received final audit letters for Kansas City Southern de México, S.A. de C.V. (also known as Canadian Pacific Kansas City Mexico) ("CPKCM") for 2021 and a payment of $11 million was made in respect of that year. 2014 Tax Assessment CPKCM's 2014 Tax Assessment is currently in litigation before the Federal Collegiate Circuit Courts (see Note 13). 5    Earnings per share For the three monthsended March 31 (in millions, except per share data) 2025 2024 Net income attributable to controlling shareholders $             910 $             775 Weighted-average basic shares outstanding 933.2 932.4 Dilutive effect of stock options 1.1 2.0 Weighted-average diluted shares outstanding 934.3 934.4 Earnings per share - basic $            0.98 $            0.83 Earnings per share - diluted $            0.97 $            0.83 For the three months ended March 31, 2025, there were 1.5 million stock options excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share because their effects were not dilutive (three months ended March 31, 2024 - 0.3 million). 6    Changes in Accumulated other comprehensive income ("AOCI") by component Changes in AOCI attributable to controlling shareholders, net of tax, by component are as follows: For the three months ended March 31 (in millions of Canadian dollars) Foreign currencynet of hedgingactivities Derivatives Pension and post- retirement defined benefit plans Equityaccountedinvestments Total Opening balance, January 1, 2025 $                    3,413 $                  10 $                       (738) $                    (5) $         2,680 Other comprehensive loss beforereclassifications (28) — — — (28) Amounts reclassified from AOCI — — 1 — 1 Net other comprehensive (loss) income (28) — 1 — (27) Balance as at March 31, 2025 $                    3,385 $                  10 $                       (737) $                    (5) $         2,653 Opening balance, January 1, 2024 $                       837 $                    5 $                    (1,463) $                     3 $           (618) Other comprehensive income beforereclassifications 685 — — — 685 Amounts reclassified from AOCI — 1 9 — 10 Net other comprehensive income 685 1 9 — 695 Balance as at March 31, 2024 $                    1,522 $                    6 $                    (1,454) $                     3 $              77 7    Accounts receivable, net (in millions of Canadian dollars) As at March 31, 2025 As at December 31, 2024 Total accounts receivable $                                    2,150 $                                  2,066 Allowance for credit losses (106) (98) Total accounts receivable, net $                                    2,044 $                                  1,968 8    Debt During the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company repaid, at maturity, the remaining balance of U.S. $642 million ($930 million) on its 2.90% 10-year Notes.  Issuance of long-term debt During the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company issued U.S. $600 million 4.80% 5-year unsecured notes due March 30, 2030 for net proceeds of approximately U.S. $596 million ($857 million) and U.S. $600 million 5.20% 10-year unsecured notes due March 30, 2035 for net proceeds of approximately U.S. $593 million ($853 million). These notes pay interest semi-annually and carry a negative pledge. Term credit facility During the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company entered into, and fully repaid, a U.S. $500 million unsecured non-revolving term credit facility (the "term facility").  The Company presents draws and repayments on its term facility in the Interim Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows on a net basis.  Credit facility The Company's revolving credit facility agreement (the "facility") consists of a five-year U.S. $1.1 billion tranche maturing June 25, 2029 and a two-year U.S. $1.1 billion tranche maturing June 25, 2026. As at December 31, 2024 the Company had U.S. $200 million drawn from the two-year U.S. $1.1 billion tranche, which was subsequently repaid in full during the first quarter of 2025. As at March 31, 2025, the facility was undrawn (December 31, 2024 - U.S. $200 million ($288 million)). The Company presents draws and repayments on the facility in the Interim Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows on a net basis. Commercial paper program The Company has a commercial paper program, under which it may issue up to a maximum aggregate principal amount of U.S. $1.5 billion in the form of unsecured promissory notes. This commercial paper program is backed by a U.S. $2.2 billion revolving credit facility. As at March 31, 2025, the Company had total commercial paper borrowings outstanding of U.S. $786 million ($1,129 million) included in "Long-term debt maturing within one year" on the Company's Interim Consolidated Balance Sheets (December 31, 2024 - U.S. $1,102 million ($1,586 million)). The weighted-average interest rate on these borrowings as at March 31, 2025 was 4.60% (December 31, 2024 - 4.75%). The Company presents issuances and repayments of commercial paper, all of which have a maturity of less than 90 days, in the Interim Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows on a net basis. 9    Financial instruments A.   Fair values of financial instruments The Company categorizes its financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value into a three-level hierarchy that prioritizes those inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value based on the degree to which they are observable. The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are as follows: Level 1 inputs are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities; Level 2 inputs, other than quoted prices included within Level 1, are observable for the asset or liability either directly or indirectly; and Level 3 inputs are not observable in the market. The Company's short-term financial instruments include cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, and short-term borrowings, including commercial paper and term loans. The carrying value of short-term financial instruments approximate their fair value. The carrying value of the Company's debt does not approximate its fair value. The estimated fair value has been determined based on market information, where available, or by discounting future payments of principal and interest at estimated interest rates expected to be available to the Company at the balance sheet date. All measurements are classified as Level 2. The Company's long-term debt, including current maturities, with a carrying value of $21,523 million as at March 31, 2025 (December 31, 2024 - $20,749 million), had a fair value of $19,853 million (December 31, 2024 - $18,911 million). B.   Financial risk management FX management Net investment hedgeThe majority of the Company's U.S. dollar-denominated long-term debt, finance lease obligations, and operating lease liabilities have been designated as a hedge of the Company's net investment in foreign subsidiaries. This designation has the effect of mitigating volatility on Net income by offsetting long-term FX gains and losses on U.S. dollar-denominated long-term debt and gains and losses on its net investment. The effect of the Company's net investment hedge included in "Other comprehensive (loss) income" for the three months ended March 31, 2025 was an unrealized FX gain of $6 million (three months ended March 31, 2024 - unrealized FX loss of $103 million). Mexican Peso- U.S. dollar FX Forward contractsThe Company's Mexican subsidiaries have net U.S. dollar-denominated monetary assets or liabilities which, for Mexican income tax purposes, are subject to periodic revaluation based on changes in the value of the Mexican peso ("Ps.") against the U.S dollar. This revaluation creates fluctuations in the Company's Mexican income tax expense and the amount of income taxes paid in Mexican pesos. The Company also has monetary assets or liabilities denominated in Mexican pesos that are subject to periodic re-measurement and settlement that create fluctuations within "Other expense (income)". Until January 2024, the Company had hedged its net exposure to Ps./U.S. dollar fluctuations in earnings with foreign currency forward contracts. The foreign currency forward contracts involved the Company's agreement to buy or sell Ps. at an agreed-upon exchange rate on a future date. The Company measured the foreign currency derivative contracts at fair value each period and recognized any change in "Other expense (income)". The cash flows associated with these instruments were classified as "Operating activities" in the Interim Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. The Company's foreign currency forward contracts were executed with counterparties in the U.S. and were governed by International Swaps and Derivatives Association agreements that included standard netting arrangements.  On January 12, 2024, the Company settled all outstanding foreign currency forward contracts, resulting in a cash outflow of $65 million.  During the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company recorded $nil related to foreign exchange currency forwards (three months ended March 31, 2024 - loss of $4 million). As of March 31, 2025 the Company had no outstanding foreign currency forward contracts (December 31, 2024 - $nil).  10    Share repurchases On February 27, 2025, the Company announced a normal course issuer bid ("NCIB"), commencing March 3, 2025, to purchase up to 37.3 million Common Shares in the open market for cancellation on or before March 2, 2026. All purchases were made in accordance with the respective NCIB at prevailing market prices plus brokerage fees, with consideration allocated to "Share capital" up to the average carrying amount of the shares and any excess allocated to "Retained earnings". In accordance with Canadian federal income tax legislation, the Company has accrued for a two percent tax on the fair market value of shares repurchased (net of qualifying issuances of equity) as a direct cost of common share repurchases recorded in Shareholders' equity. The Company has accrued a liability of $7 million for the tax due on the net share repurchases made in the first three months of 2025, payable within the first quarter of the following year. The following table provides activities under the share repurchase program: For the three months ended  March 31 2025 Number of Common Shares repurchased(1) 3,480,658 Weighted-average price per share(2) $107.68 Amount of repurchase (in millions of Canadian dollars)(2) $375 (1) Includes shares repurchased but not yet cancelled at end of period. (2) Includes brokerage fees and applicable tax on share repurchases. 11    Pension and other benefits During the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company made contributions to its defined benefit pension plans of $4 million (three months ended March 31, 2024 - $3 million). Net periodic benefit (recovery) cost for defined benefit pension plans and other benefits included the following components: For the three months ended March 31 Pensions Other benefits Total (in millions of Canadian dollars) 2025 2024 2025 2024 2025 2024 Current service cost $              21 $              21 $                3 $                3 $              24 $              24 Other components of net periodic benefit(recovery) cost: Interest cost on benefit obligation 117 117 5 6 122 123 Expected return on plan assets (232) (223) — — (232) (223) Recognized net actuarial loss 2 10 — — 2 10 Amortization of prior service costs 1 2 — — 1 2 Total other components of net periodic benefit(recovery) cost (112) (94) 5 6 (107) (88) Net periodic benefit (recovery) cost $            (91) $            (73) $                8 $                9 $            (83) $            (64) 12    Stock-based compensation As at March 31, 2025, the Company had several stock-based compensation plans including a stock options plan, various cash-settled liability plans, and an employee share purchase plan. These plans resulted in an expense for the three months ended March 31, 2025 of $34 million (three months ended March 31, 2024 - expense of $59 million). Stock options plan In the three months ended March 31, 2025, under the Company's stock options plan, the Company issued 967,335 options at the weighted-average price of $110.48 per share, based on the closing price on the grant date. Pursuant to the employee plan, these options may be exercised upon vesting, which is between 12 months and 48 months after the grant date, and will expire seven years from the grant date. Under the fair value method, the fair value of the stock options at the grant date was approximately $28 million. Performance share unit plans During the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company issued 594,802 Performance Share Units ("PSUs") with a grant date fair value of $66 million and 24,149 Performance Deferred Share Units ("PDSUs") with a grant date fair value, including the fair value of expected future matching units, of $3 million. PSUs and PDSUs attract dividend equivalents in the form of additional units based on dividends paid on the Company's Common Shares, and vest three to four years after the grant date, contingent on the Company's performance ("performance factor"). Vested PSUs are settled in cash. Vested PDSUs are converted into DSUs pursuant to the DSU plan, are eligible for a 25% Company match if the employee has not exceeded their Common Share ownership requirements, and are settled in cash only when the holder ceases their employment with the Company. The performance period for all PSUs and all PDSUs granted in the three months ended March 31, 2025 is January 1, 2025 to December 31, 2027 and the performance factors are Free Cash Flow ("FCF") and Total Shareholder Return ("TSR"), compared to the S&P/TSX 60 Index, TSR compared to the S&P 500 Industrials Index, and TSR compared to Class I railways. The performance period for all of the 415,660 PSUs and 13,506 PDSUs granted in 2022 was January 1, 2022 to December 31, 2024, and the performance factors were FCF, Adjusted net debt to Adjusted EBITDA Modifier, TSR compared to the S&P/TSX 60 Index, and TSR compared to the S&P 500 Industrials Index. The resulting payout was 120% of the outstanding units multiplied by the Company's average common share price calculated based on the last 30 trading days preceding December 31, 2024. In the first quarter of 2025, payouts were $48 million on 381,759 PSUs, including dividends reinvested. The 9,774 PDSUs that vested on December 31, 2024, with a fair value of $2 million, including dividends reinvested and matching units, will be paid out in future reporting periods pursuant to the DSU plan (as described above). 13    Contingencies Litigation In the normal course of its operations, the Company becomes involved in various legal actions, including claims relating to injuries and damage to property. The Company maintains provisions it considers to be adequate for such actions. While the final outcome with respect to actions outstanding or pending at March 31, 2025 cannot be predicted with certainty, it is the opinion of management that their resolution will not have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial position, results of operations, or liquidity. However, an unexpected adverse resolution of one or more of these legal actions could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial position, results of operations, or liquidity in a particular quarter or fiscal year. Legal proceedings related to Lac-Mégantic rail accident On July 6, 2013, a train carrying petroleum crude oil operated by Montréal Maine and Atlantic Railway ("MMAR") or a subsidiary, Montréal Maine & Atlantic Canada Co. ("MMAC" and collectively the "MMA Group"), derailed in Lac-Mégantic, Québec. The derailment occurred on a section of railway owned and operated by the MMA Group and while the MMA Group exclusively controlled the train. Following the derailment, MMAC sought court protection in Canada under the Companies' Creditors Arrangement Act and MMAR filed for bankruptcy in the U.S. Plans of arrangement were approved in both Canada and the U.S. (the "Plans"), providing for the distribution of approximately $440 million amongst those claiming derailment damages. A number of legal proceedings, set out below, were commenced in Canada and the U.S. against the Company and others: (1) Québec's Minister of Sustainable Development, Environment, Wildlife and Parks ordered various parties, including the Company, to remediate the derailment site (the "Cleanup Order") and served the Company with a Notice of Claim for $95 million for those costs. The Company appealed the Cleanup Order and contested the Notice of Claim with the Administrative Tribunal of Québec. These proceedings are stayed pending determination of the Attorney General of Québec ("AGQ") action (paragraph 2 below). (2) The AGQ sued the Company in the Québec Superior Court claiming $409 million in damages, which was further amended and reduced to $231 million (the "AGQ Action"). The AGQ Action alleges that: (i) the Company was responsible for the petroleum crude oil from its point of origin until its delivery to Irving Oil Ltd.; and (ii) the Company is vicariously liable for the acts and omissions of the MMA Group. (3) A class action in the Québec Superior Court on behalf of persons and entities residing in, owning or leasing property in, operating a business in, or physically present in Lac-Mégantic at the time of the derailment was certified against the Company on May 8, 2015 (the "Class Action"). Other defendants including MMAC and Mr. Thomas Harding ("Harding") were added to the Class Action on January 25, 2017. On November 28, 2019, the plaintiffs' motion to discontinue their action against Harding was granted. The Class Action seeks unquantified damages, including for wrongful death, personal injury, property damage, and economic loss. (4) Eight subrogated insurers sued the Company in the Québec Superior Court claiming approximately $16 million in damages, which was amended and reduced to approximately $14 million (the "Promutuel Action"), and two additional subrogated insurers sued the Company claiming approximately $3 million in damages (the "Royal Action"). Both actions contain similar allegations as the AGQ Action. The actions do not identify the subrogated parties. As such, the extent of any overlap between the damages claimed in these actions and under the Plans is unclear. The Royal Action is stayed pending determination of the consolidated proceedings described below. On December 11, 2017, the AGQ Action, the Class Action and the Promutuel Action were consolidated. The joint liability trial of these consolidated claims commenced on September 21, 2021 with oral arguments ending on June 15, 2022. The Québec Superior Court issued a decision on December 14, 2022 dismissing all claims against the Company, finding that the Company's actions were not the direct and immediate cause of the accident and the damages suffered by the plaintiffs. All three plaintiffs filed a declaration of appeal on January 13, 2023. The appeal was heard October 7 to 10, 2024 by the Québec Court of Appeal. On February 26, 2025, the Québec Court of Appeal issued its unanimous decision upholding the trial decision and dismissing the appeals in their entirety. On April 28, 2025, all three plaintiffs filed applications for leave to appeal to the Supreme Court of Canada. The Company has 30 days from the date that the Supreme Court of Canada Registry opens a file to provide its response. A damages trial will follow after the disposition of all appeals, if necessary. (5) Forty-eight plaintiffs (all individual claims joined in one action) sued the Company, MMAC, and Harding in the Québec Superior Court claiming approximately $5 million in damages for economic loss and pain and suffering, and asserting similar allegations as in the Class Action and the AGQ Action. The majority of the plaintiffs opted-out of the Class Action and all but two are also plaintiffs in litigation against the Company, described in paragraph 7 below. This action is stayed pending determination of the consolidated claims described above. (6) The MMAR U.S. bankruptcy estate representative commenced an action against the Company in November 2014 in the Maine Bankruptcy Court claiming that the Company failed to abide by certain regulations and seeking approximately U.S. $30 million in damages for MMAR's loss in business value according to an expert report filed by the bankruptcy estate. This action asserts that the Company knew or ought to have known that the shipper misclassified the petroleum crude oil and therefore should have refused to transport it. Summary judgement motion was argued and taken under advisement on June 9, 2022. On May 23, 2023, the case management judge stayed the proceedings pending the outcome of the appeal in the Canadian consolidated claims. On April 18, 2025, the Court lifted the stay and ordered briefing concerning the Company's request for summary judgement based on the preclusive effect of matters decided in other Lac-Mégantic cases. The Court will address that basis for summary judgement first, then will address other arguments for summary judgement, if necessary, afterwards. (7) The class and mass tort action commenced against the Company in June 2015 in Texas (on behalf of Lac-Mégantic residents and wrongful death representatives) and the wrongful death and personal injury actions commenced against the Company in June 2015 in Illinois and Maine, were all transferred and consolidated in Federal District Court in Maine (the "Maine Actions"). The Maine Actions allege that the Company negligently misclassified and improperly packaged the petroleum crude oil. On the Company's motion, the Maine Actions were dismissed. The plaintiffs appealed the dismissal decision to the U.S. First Circuit Court of Appeals, which dismissed the plaintiffs' appeal on June 2, 2021. The plaintiffs further petitioned the U.S. First Circuit Court of Appeals for a rehearing, which was denied on September 8, 2021. On January 24, 2022, the plaintiffs further appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court on two bankruptcy procedural grounds. On May 31, 2022, the U.S. Supreme Court denied the petition, thereby rejecting the plaintiffs' appeal. (8) The trustee for the wrongful death trust commenced Carmack Amendment claims against the Company in North Dakota Federal Court, seeking to recover approximately U.S. $6 million for damaged rail cars and lost crude oil and reimbursement for the settlement paid by the consignor and the consignee under the Plans (alleged to be U.S. $110 million and U.S. $60 million, respectively). The Court issued an Order on August 6, 2020 granting and denying in parts the parties' summary judgement motions which has been reviewed and confirmed following motions by the parties for clarification and reconsideration. Final briefs of dispositive motions for summary judgement and for reconsideration on tariff applicability were submitted on September 30, 2022. On January 20, 2023, the Court granted in part the Company's summary judgement motion by dismissing all claims for recovery of settlement payments but leaving for trial the determination of the value of the lost crude oil. It also dismissed the Company's motion for reconsideration on tariff applicability. The remaining issues of the value of the lost crude oil and applicability of judgement reduction provisions do not require trial, and were fully briefed in 2024. On January 5, 2024, the Court issued its decision finding that the Company is liable for approximately U.S. $3.9 million plus pre-judgement interest, but declined to determine whether judgement reduction provisions were applicable, referring the parties to a court in Maine on that issue. On January 18, 2024, the Company filed a motion for reconsideration for the Court to apply the judgement reduction provisions. On January 19, 2024, the trustee for the wrongful death trust filed a Notice of Appeal for the January 5, 2024 decision, as well as prior decisions. On February 23, 2024, the Court denied the Company's motion for reconsideration, again referring the parties to a court in Maine to apply the judgement reduction provision. On March 6, 2024, the Company filed its notice of appeal of this latest ruling, as well as prior decisions. The appeal was heard on March 18, 2025 and the Court reserved its decision. At this stage of the proceedings, any potential responsibility and the quantum of potential losses cannot be determined. Nevertheless, the Company denies liability and is vigorously defending these proceedings. Court decision related to Remington Development Corporation legal claim On October 20, 2022, the Court of King's Bench of Alberta issued a decision in a claim brought by Remington Development Corporation ("Remington") against the Company and the Province of Alberta ("Alberta") with respect to an alleged breach of contract by the Company in relation to the sale of certain properties in Calgary. In its decision, the Court found the Company had breached its contract with Remington and Alberta had induced the contract breach. The Court found the Company and Alberta liable for damages of approximately $164 million plus interest and costs, and subject to an adjustment to the acquisition value of the property. In a further decision on August 30, 2023, the Court determined that adjustment and set the total damages at $165 million plus interest and costs. On October 20, 2023, the Court determined the costs payable to Remington, however, the Court has not provided any indication of how the damages, which are currently estimated to total approximately $230 million, should be apportioned between the Company and Alberta. On November 17, 2022, the Company filed an appeal of the Court's decision. On April 11, 2024, the Court of Appeal of Alberta stayed the judgement pending the outcome of the appeal. On September 10, 2024, the Court of Appeal of Alberta heard the Company's appeal and reserved its decision. At this time, the Company cannot reasonably estimate the amount of damages for which it is liable under the ruling of the Court. 2014 tax assessment On April 13, 2022, the SAT delivered an audit assessment of CPKCM's 2014 tax returns (the "2014 Assessment"). As at March 31, 2025, the 2014 Assessment was Ps.6,372 million ($451 million), which included inflation, interest, and penalties. On July 7, 2022, CPKCM filed an administrative appeal (the "Administrative Appeal") before the SAT, seeking to revoke the 2014 Assessment and claiming that the notification of the 2014 Assessment was not legal for being made through the tax mailbox in violation of a tax mailbox injunction previously granted on March 19, 2015, to CPKCM. On September 26, 2022, the SAT issued a resolution dismissing the Administrative Appeal filed by CPKCM arguing that it was not submitted timely (the "Administrative Appeal Resolution"). On October 10, 2022, CPKCM submitted a petition of annulment lawsuit before the Federal Administrative Court, challenging the 2014 Assessment, its notification, and the dismissal of the Administrative Appeal Resolution. On January 5, 2023, the Federal Administrative Court granted a definitive injunction against the enforcement and collection of the 2014 Assessment. On April 24, 2024, the Federal Administrative Court resolved the annulment lawsuit confirming the Administrative Appeal Resolution and the 2014 Assessment (the "Administrative Court Resolution"). On June 21, 2024, CPKCM challenged the Administrative Court Resolution by submitting an Amparo petition (Demanda de Amparo) before the Collegiate Circuit Court (Tribunal Colegiado de Circuito). CPKCM expects to prevail based on the technical merits of its case. On August 15, 2024, the Federal Administrative Court informed CPKCM that the SAT submitted two motions (recurso de reclamación and recurso de queja) claiming that the Federal Administrative Court did not cite the applicable legal provisions when granting the definitive injunction against the enforcement and collection of the 2014 Assessment. On November 8, 2024, CPKCM was notified that the Federal Administrative Court issued a resolution on October 9, 2024 dismissing one of the motions (recurso de reclamación). On February 12, 2025, the other motion (recurso de queja) was resolved. The Collegiate Circuit Court ordered the Federal Administrative Court to issue a new resolution on the injunction. On February 19, 2025, the Federal Administrative Court issued the new resolution granting the injunction as long as the 2014 Assessment is duly guaranteed. Given that all applicable requirements to grant the injunction were satisfied by CPKCM and the surety bond was approved and accepted by the SAT, this resolution is not expected to result in any change to CPKCM's status regarding the enforcement and collection of the 2014 Assessment, which shall remain the same until the Amparo petition is resolved by the Collegiate Circuit Court. Environmental liabilities Environmental remediation accruals, recorded on an undiscounted basis unless a reliable, determinable estimate as to an amount and timing of costs can be established, cover site-specific remediation programs. The accruals for environmental remediation represent the Company's best estimate of its probable future obligation and include both asserted and unasserted claims, without reduction for anticipated recoveries from third parties. Although the recorded accruals include the Company's best estimate of all probable costs, the Company's total environmental remediation costs cannot be predicted with certainty. Accruals for environmental remediation may change from time to time as new information about previously untested sites becomes known, and as environmental laws and regulations evolve and advances are made in environmental remediation technology. The accruals may also vary as the courts decide legal proceedings against outside parties responsible for contamination. These potential charges, which cannot be quantified at this time, may materially affect income in the particular period in which a charge is recognized. Costs related to existing, but as yet unknown, or future contamination will be accrued in the period in which they become probable and reasonably estimable. The expense included in "Purchased services and other" in the Company's Interim Consolidated Statements of Income for the three months ended March 31, 2025 was $2 million (three months ended March 31, 2024 - $2 million). Provisions for environmental remediation costs are recorded in the Company's Interim Consolidated Balance Sheets in "Other long-term liabilities", except for the current portion, which is recorded in "Accounts payable and accrued liabilities". The total amount provided as at March 31, 2025 was $258 million (December 31, 2024 - $257 million). Payments are expected to be made over 10 years through 2034. 14    Subsequent events On April 1, 2025, CPKC sold its 50% equity method investment in the Panama Canal Railway Company to APM Terminals Panama Rail LP ("APM Terminals"), a subsidiary of A.P. Moller-Maersk A/S, for gross proceeds of U.S. $350 million before purchase price adjustments for cash acquired and debt and net working capital assumed by APM Terminals, and transaction costs. CPKC anticipates a pre-tax gain of approximately U.S. $230 million in the second quarter of 2025, subject to finalization of the purchase price adjustments. Summary of Rail Data First Quarter Financial (in millions, except per share data) 2025 2024 TotalChange % Change Revenues Freight $      3,727 $     3,427 $          300 9 Non-freight 68 93 (25) (27) Total revenues 3,795 3,520 275 8 Operating expenses Compensation and benefits 682 690 (8) (1) Fuel 481 458 23 5 Materials 124 94 30 32 Equipment rents 99 82 17 21 Depreciation and amortization 504 467 37 8 Purchased services and other 588 580 8 1 Total operating expenses 2,478 2,371 107 5 Operating income 1,317 1,149 168 15 Other expense (income) 7 (2) 9 (450) Other components of net periodic benefit recovery (107) (88) (19) 22 Net interest expense 216 206 10 5 Income before income tax expense 1,201 1,033 168 16 Current income tax expense 266 242 24 10 Deferred income tax expense 26 17 9 53 Income tax expense 292 259 33 13 Net income $         909 $        774 $          135 17 Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest (1) (1) — — Net income attributable to controlling shareholders $         910 $        775 $          135 17 Operating ratio (%) 65.3 67.4 (2.1) (210) bps Basic earnings per share $        0.98 $       0.83 $         0.15 18 Diluted earnings per share $        0.97 $       0.83 $         0.14 17 Shares Outstanding Weighted average number of basic shares outstanding (millions) 933.2 932.4 0.8 — Weighted average number of diluted shares outstanding (millions) 934.3 934.4 (0.1) — Foreign Exchange Average foreign exchange rate (U.S.$/Canadian$) 0.70 0.74 (0.04) (5) Average foreign exchange rate (Canadian$/U.S.$) 1.44 1.35 0.09 7 Average foreign exchange rate (Mexican peso/Canadian$) 14.23 12.61 1.62 13 Average foreign exchange rate (Canadian$/Mexican peso) 0.0703 0.0793 (0.0090) (11) Summary of Rail Data (Continued) First Quarter Commodity Data 2025 2024 Total Change % Change FX Adjusted % Change(1) Freight Revenues (millions) - Grain $          788 $         730 $         58 8 4 - Coal 257 209 48 23 21 - Potash 156 137 19 14 10 - Fertilizers and sulphur 114 104 10 10 5 - Forest products 217 202 15 7 2 - Energy, chemicals and plastics 758 702 56 8 3 - Metals, minerals and consumer products 448 440 8 2 (1) - Automotive 315 265 50 19 18 - Intermodal 674 638 36 6 4 Total Freight Revenues $       3,727 $      3,427 $       300 9 5 Freight Revenue per Revenue Ton-Mile ("RTM") (cents) - Grain 5.27 5.01 0.26 5 1 - Coal 4.44 3.98 0.46 12 10 - Potash 3.53 3.33 0.20 6 2 - Fertilizers and sulphur 7.99 7.61 0.38 5 — - Forest products 9.26 9.00 0.26 3 (2) - Energy, chemicals and plastics 7.81 7.22 0.59 8 3 - Metals, minerals and consumer products 9.57 9.36 0.21 2 — - Automotive 25.55 26.58 (1.03) (4) (5) - Intermodal 7.33 7.19 0.14 2 — Total Freight Revenue per RTM 6.94 6.61 0.33 5 2 Freight Revenue per Carload - Grain $       5,894 $      5,518 $       376 7 2 - Coal 2,171 1,932 239 12 11 - Potash 3,920 3,703 217 6 2 - Fertilizers and sulphur 6,404 6,047 357 6 1 - Forest products 6,236 5,627 609 11 6 - Energy, chemicals and plastics 5,319 4,858 461 9 5 - Metals, minerals and consumer products 3,601 3,392 209 6 4 - Automotive 5,450 4,758 692 15 13 - Intermodal 1,548 1,548 — — (2) Total Freight Revenue per Carload $       3,374 $      3,195 $       179 6 2 (1)          This earnings measure has no standardized meaning prescribed by GAAP and, therefore, is unlikely to be comparable to similar measures presented by other companies. This measure is defined and reconciled in Non-GAAP Measures of this Earnings Release. Summary of Rail Data (Continued) First Quarter Commodity Data 2025 2024  Total     Change    % Change Millions of RTM - Grain 14,942 14,570 372 3 - Coal 5,783 5,252 531 10 - Potash 4,419 4,110 309 8 - Fertilizers and sulphur 1,427 1,366 61 4 - Forest products 2,343 2,244 99 4 - Energy, chemicals and plastics 9,701 9,719 (18) — - Metals, minerals and consumer products                                 4,681 4,701 (20) — - Automotive 1,233 997 236 24 - Intermodal 9,195 8,879 316 4 Total RTMs 53,724 51,838 1,886 4 Carloads (thousands) - Grain 133.7 132.3 1.4 1 - Coal 118.4 108.2 10.2 9 - Potash 39.8 37.0 2.8 8 - Fertilizers and sulphur 17.8 17.2 0.6 3 - Forest products 34.8 35.9 (1.1) (3) - Energy, chemicals and plastics 142.5 144.5 (2.0) (1) - Metals, minerals and consumer products 124.4 129.7 (5.3) (4) - Automotive 57.8 55.7 2.1 4 - Intermodal 435.4 412.1 23.3 6 Total Carloads 1,104.6 1,072.6 32.0 3 First Quarter 2025 2024 TotalChange % Change FX Adjusted % Change(1) Operating Expenses (millions)                                             Compensation and benefits $          682 $         690 $           (8) (1) (2) Fuel 481 458 23 5 3 Materials 124 94 30 32 32 Equipment rents 99 82 17 21 14 Depreciation and amortization 504 467 37 8 4 Purchased services and other 588 580 8 1 (1) Total Operating Expenses $       2,478 $      2,371 $        107 5 2 (1)          This earnings measure has no standardized meaning prescribed by GAAP and, therefore, is unlikely to be comparable to similar measures presented by other companies. This measure is defined and reconciled in Non-GAAP Measures of this Earnings Release. Summary of Rail Data (Continued) First Quarter 2025 2024 Total Change % Change Operations Performance Gross ton-miles ("GTMs") (millions) 98,412 95,809 2,603 3 Train miles (thousands) 11,804 11,995 (191) (2) Average train weight - excluding local traffic (tons) 9,034 8,639 395 5 Average train length - excluding local traffic (feet) 7,628 7,324 304 4 Average terminal dwell (hours) 10.3 9.7 0.6 6 Average train speed (miles per hour, or "mph")(1) 19.1 19.1 — — Locomotive productivity (GTMs / operating horsepower)(2) 163 158 5 3 Fuel efficiency(3) 1.064 1.065 (0.001) — U.S. gallons of locomotive fuel consumed (millions)(4) 104.7 102.0 2.7 3 Average fuel price (U.S. dollars per U.S. gallon) 3.20 3.34 (0.14) (4) Total Employees and Workforce Total employees (average)(5) 19,749 19,997 (248) (1) Total employees (end of period)(5) 19,992 20,158 (166) (1) Workforce (end of period)(6) 20,114 20,261 (147) (1) Safety Indicators(7) FRA personal injuries per 200,000 employee-hours 0.98 1.14 (0.16) (14) FRA train accidents per million train-miles 0.38 0.90 (0.52) (58) (1)    Average train speed is defined as a measure of the line-haul movement from origin to destination including terminal dwell hours. It is calculated by dividing the total train miles travelled by the total train hours operated. This calculation does not include delay time related to customers or foreign railroads and excludes the time and distance travelled by: i) trains used in or around CPKC's yards; ii) passenger trains; and iii) trains used for repairing track. An increase in average train speed indicates improved on-time performance resulting in improved asset utilization. (2)    Locomotive productivity is defined as the daily average GTMs divided by daily average operating horsepower. Operating horsepower excludes units offline, tied up or in storage, or in use on other railways, and includes foreign units.  (3) Fuel efficiency is defined as U.S. gallons of locomotive fuel consumed per 1,000 GTMs. (4) Fuel consumed includes gallons from freight, yard and commuter service but excludes fuel used in capital projects and other non-freight activities. (5)    An employee is defined as an individual currently engaged in full-time, part-time, or seasonal employment with CPKC. CPKC monitors employment levels in order to efficiently meet service and strategic requirements. The number of employees is a key driver to total compensation and benefits costs. (6) Workforce is defined as employees plus contractors and consultants. (7)    Federal Railroad Administration ("FRA") personal injuries per 200,000 employee-hours and FRA train accidents per million train-miles for the three months ended March 31, 2024 have been restated to reflect new information available within specified periods stipulated by the FRA but that exceed the Company's financial reporting timeline. Non-GAAP Measures The Company presents Non-GAAP measures to provide a basis for evaluating underlying earnings and liquidity trends in the Company's current period's financial results that can be compared with the results of operations in prior periods. Management believes these Non-GAAP measures facilitate a multi-period assessment of long-term profitability.  These Non-GAAP measures have no standardized meanings and are not defined by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") and, therefore, may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other companies. The presentation of these Non-GAAP measures is not intended to be considered in isolation from, as a substitute for, or as superior to the financial information presented in accordance with GAAP.  Non-GAAP Performance and Liquidity Measures Beginning in the first quarter 2025, Core adjusted operating income, Core adjusted operating ratio, Core adjusted income, Core adjusted diluted earnings per share ("EPS") and Adjusted free cash have been used in continuity of the Non-GAAP measures previously known as Core adjusted combined operating income, Core adjusted combined operating ratio, Core adjusted combined income, Core adjusted combined diluted EPS and Adjusted combined free cash, respectively. No adjustments are required to the previously presented Non-GAAP measures as reported in 2024 to present them on a comparable basis, as Kansas City Southern ("KCS") was consolidated within the Company's results throughout the whole year and therefore, no combination adjustments exist. In addition to the above Non-GAAP performance and liquidity measures, Adjusted net debt to adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization ("EBITDA") ratio has been used in continuity of the Non-GAAP measure previously known as Adjusted combined net debt to adjusted combined EBITDA ratio. Adjusted combined net debt to adjusted combined EBITDA ratio as previously reported in the first quarter of 2024 included certain combination adjustments for KCS within adjusted combined EBITDA for the period from April 1 to April 13, 2023 when the Company included the results of KCS by the equity method of accounting in its reported results. These combination adjustments were removed from adjusted EBITDA for the twelve months ended March 31, 2024 to present Adjusted net debt to adjusted EBITDA ratio on a comparable basis. The Company uses Core adjusted operating income, Core adjusted operating ratio, Core adjusted income, and Core adjusted diluted EPS to evaluate the Company's operating performance and for planning and forecasting future business operations and future profitability. In addition to the Core adjusted Non-GAAP performance measures noted above, other Non-GAAP liquidity measures include Adjusted free cash and Adjusted net debt to adjusted EBITDA ratio. Management believes these Non-GAAP measures provide meaningful supplemental information about our financial results and improved comparability to past performance because they exclude certain significant items that are not considered indicative of future or past financial trends either by nature or amount. As a result, these items are excluded for management's assessment of operational performance, allocation of resources, and preparation of annual budgets. These significant items may include, but are not limited to, restructuring and asset impairment charges, individually significant gains and losses from sales of assets, acquisition-related costs, adjustments to provisions and settlements of Mexican taxes, loss on derecognition of CPKC's previously held equity method investment in KCS, discrete tax items, changes in the outside basis tax difference between the carrying amount of CPKC's equity investment in KCS and its tax basis of this investment, a deferred income tax recovery related to the elimination of the deferred income tax liability on the outside basis difference of the investment, changes in income tax rates, changes to an uncertain tax item, and certain items outside the control of management. Acquisition-related costs include legal, consulting, integration costs including third-party services and system migration, debt exchange transaction costs, community investments, restructuring, employee retention and synergy incentive costs, and transaction and integration costs incurred by KCS. These items may not be non-recurring and may include items that are settled in cash. Specifically, due to the magnitude of the acquisition, its significant impact to the Company's business and complexity of integrating the acquired business and operations, the Company continues to expect to incur acquisition-related costs beyond the year of acquisition. Management believes excluding these significant items from GAAP results provides an additional viewpoint which may give users a consistent understanding of the Company's financial performance when performing a multi-period assessment including assessing the likelihood of future results. Accordingly, these Non-GAAP financial measures may provide additional insight to investors and other external users of the Company's financial information. In addition, these Non-GAAP measures exclude KCS purchase accounting. KCS purchase accounting represents the amortization of basis differences being the incremental depreciation and amortization in relation to fair value adjustments to properties and intangible assets, incremental amortization in relation to fair value adjustments to KCS's investments, amortization of the change in fair value of debt of KCS assumed on April 14, 2023 (the "Control Date"), and depreciation and amortization of fair value adjustments that are attributable to the non-controlling interest, as recognized within "Depreciation and amortization", "Other expense (income)", "Net interest expense", and "Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest", respectively, in the Company's Interim Consolidated Statements of Income. During the periods prior to the Control Date, KCS purchase accounting represents the amortization of basis differences, being the difference in value between the consideration paid to acquire KCS and the underlying carrying value of the net assets of KCS immediately prior to its acquisition by the Company, net of tax. All assets subject to KCS purchase accounting contribute to income generation and will continue to amortize over their estimated useful lives. Excluding KCS purchase accounting from GAAP results provides financial statement users with additional transparency by isolating the impact of KCS purchase accounting. Significant items that impact Net income attributable to controlling shareholders as reported on a GAAP basis for the first three months of 2025, the twelve months of 2024 and the last nine months ended December 31, 2023 include: 2025: during the first quarter, acquisition-related costs of $20 million in connection with the KCS acquisition ($15 million after current income tax recovery of $5 million) including costs of $5 million recognized in "Compensation and benefits" primarily related to restructuring costs, retention and synergy related incentive compensation costs; $1 million recognized in "Materials"; and $14 million recognized in "Purchased services and other" primarily related to system migration, legal fees, and other third party purchased services, that unfavourably impacted Diluted EPS by 2 cents. 2024: during the course of the year, a deferred income tax recovery of $81 million on account of changes in tax rates, that favourably impacted Diluted EPS by 9 cents as follows: in the fourth quarter, a deferred income tax recovery of $78 million due to a decrease in the Louisiana state corporate income tax rate, that favourably impacted Diluted EPS by 9 cents; and in the second quarter, a deferred income tax recovery of $3 million due to a decrease in the Arkansas state corporate income tax rate, that had minimal impact on Diluted EPS; during the course of the year, adjustments to provisions and settlements of Mexican taxes of $4 million recovery ($2 million after deferred income tax expense of $2 million) recognized in "Compensation and benefits", that had minimal impact on Diluted EPS as follows: in the fourth quarter, adjustments to provisions and settlements of Mexican taxes of $7 million recovery ($6 million after deferred income tax expense of $1 million) recognized in "Compensation and benefits", that had minimal impact on Diluted EPS; in the third quarter, adjustments to provisions and settlements of Mexican taxes of $7 million recovery ($6 million after deferred income tax expense of $1 million) recognized in "Compensation and benefits", that favourably impacted Diluted EPS by 1 cent; and in the first quarter, adjustments to provisions and settlements of Mexican taxes of $10 million expense ($10 million after deferred income tax recovery) recognized in "Compensation and benefits", that unfavourably impacted Diluted EPS by 1 cent; and during the course of the year, acquisition-related costs of $112 million in connection with the KCS acquisition ($82 million after current income tax recovery of $30 million), including an expense of $18 million recognized in "Compensation and benefits" primarily related to retention and synergy related incentive compensation costs; $6 million recognized in "Materials"; and $88 million recognized in "Purchased services and other" primarily related to system migration, relocation expenses, legal and consulting fees, that unfavourably impacted Diluted EPS by 9 cents as follows: in the fourth quarter, acquisition-related costs of $22 million in connection with the KCS acquisition ($17 million after current income tax recovery of $5 million) including costs of $1 million recognized in "Compensation and benefits", $1 million recognized in "Materials", and $20 million recognized in "Purchased services and other", that unfavourably impacted Diluted EPS by 2 cents; in the third quarter, acquisition-related costs of $36 million in connection with the KCS acquisition ($26 million after current income tax recovery of $10 million) including costs of $11 million recognized in "Compensation and benefits", $1 million recognized in "Materials", and $24 million recognized in "Purchased services and other", that unfavourably impacted Diluted EPS by 3 cents; in the second quarter, acquisition-related costs of $28 million in connection with the KCS acquisition ($19 million after current income tax recovery of $9 million) including costs of $2 million recognized in "Compensation and benefits", $2 million recognized in "Materials", and $24 million recognized in "Purchased services and other", that unfavourably impacted Diluted EPS by 2 cents; and in the first quarter, acquisition-related costs of $26 million in connection with the KCS acquisition ($20 million after current income tax recovery of $6 million) including costs of $4 million recognized in "Compensation and benefits", $2 million recognized in "Materials", and $20 million recognized in "Purchased services and other", that unfavourably impacted Diluted EPS by 2 cents. 2023: in the second quarter, a remeasurement loss of KCS of $7,175 million due to the derecognition of CPKC's previously held equity method investment in KCS and remeasurement at its Control Date fair value, that unfavourably impacted Diluted EPS by $7.68; in the second quarter, a deferred income tax recovery of $7,832 million related to the elimination of the deferred income tax liability on the outside basis difference of the investment in KCS, that favourably impacted Diluted EPS by $8.39; during the last nine months ended December 31, 2023, a total current tax expense of $16 million related to a tax settlement with the Servicio de Administracion Tributaria ("SAT") of $13 million and a reserve for the estimated impact of potential future audit settlements of $3 million, that unfavourably impacted Diluted EPS by 2 cents as follows: in the fourth quarter, a current tax expense of $1 million related to a tax settlement with the SAT that had minimal impact on Diluted EPS; and in the third quarter, adjustments to provisions and settlements of Mexican taxes of $15 million related to a tax settlement with the Servicio de Administracion Tributaria ("SAT") of $9 million and reserves for the estimated impact of potential future audit settlements of $6 million of which $3 million was settled in the fourth quarter, that unfavourably impacted Diluted EPS by 2 cents; during the last nine months ended December 31, 2023, a deferred income tax recovery of $72 million on account of changes in tax rates and apportionment, that favourably impacted Diluted EPS by 7 cents as follows: in the fourth quarter, a deferred income tax recovery of $7 million due to CPKC unitary state apportionment changes, that favourably impacted Diluted EPS by 1 cent; in the third quarter, a deferred income tax recovery of $14 million due to decreases in the Iowa and Arkansas state corporate income tax rates, that favourably impacted Diluted EPS by 2 cents; and in the second quarter, a deferred income tax recovery of $51 million due to CPKC unitary state apportionment changes, that favourably impacted Diluted EPS by 5 cents; and during the last nine months ended December 31, 2023, acquisition-related costs of $176 million in connection with the KCS acquisition ($143 million after current income tax recovery of $33 million), including an expense of $71 million recognized in "Compensation and benefits" primarily related to restructuring costs, retention and synergy related incentive compensation costs; $2 million recognized in "Materials"; $99 million recognized in "Purchased services and other" primarily related to third party purchased services, and payments made to certain communities across the combined network to address the environmental and social impacts of increased traffic as required by voluntary agreements with communities and conditions imposed by the U.S. Surface Transportation Board (the "STB") pursuant to the STB's final decision approving the Company and KCS's joint merger application, including, but not limited to, payments related to new crossings, closure of existing crossings and other infrastructure projects; $3 million recognized in "Other (income) expense"; and $1 million of equity earnings from KCS recognized in Net income attributable to controlling shareholders, that unfavourably impacted Diluted EPS by 15 cents as follows: in the fourth quarter, acquisition-related costs of $32 million ($24 million after current income tax recovery of $8 million), including costs of $7 million recognized in "Compensation and benefits", $1 million recognized in "Materials", and $24 million recognized in "Purchased services and other", that unfavourably impacted Diluted EPS by 2 cents; in the third quarter, acquisition-related costs of $24 million ($18 million after current income tax recovery of $6 million), including costs of $1 million recognized in "Compensation and benefits", $1 million recognized in "Materials", and $22 million recognized in "Purchased services and other", that unfavourably impacted Diluted EPS by 2 cents; and in the second quarter, acquisition-related costs of $120 million ($101 million after current income tax recovery of $19 million), including costs of $63 million recognized in "Compensation and benefits", $53 million recognized in "Purchased services and other", $3 million recognized in "Other (income) expense", and $1 million of equity earnings from KCS recognized in Net income attributable to controlling shareholders, that unfavourably impacted Diluted EPS by 11 cents. KCS purchase accounting included in Net income attributable to controlling shareholders as reported on a GAAP basis for the first three months of 2025, the twelve months of 2024 and the last nine months ended December 31, 2023 was as follows: 2025: during the first quarter, KCS purchase accounting of $92 million ($67 million after deferred income tax recovery of $25 million), including costs of $87 million recognized in "Depreciation and amortization", $1 million recognized in "Purchased services and other" related to the amortization of equity investments, $5 million recognized in "Net interest expense", $1 million recognized in "Other expense (income)", and a recovery of $2 million recognized in "Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest", that unfavourably impacted Diluted EPS by 7 cents. 2024: during the course of the year, KCS purchase accounting of $352 million ($256 million after deferred income tax recovery of $96 million), including costs of $333 million recognized in "Depreciation and amortization", $3 million recognized in "Purchased services and other" related to the amortization of equity investments, $20 million recognized in "Net interest expense", $3 million recognized in "Other expense (income)", and a recovery of $7 million recognized in "Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest", that unfavourably impacted Diluted EPS by 27 cents as follows: in the fourth quarter, KCS purchase accounting of $93 million ($68 million after deferred income tax recovery of $25 million), including costs of $87 million recognized in "Depreciation and amortization", $1 million recognized in "Purchased services and other" related to the amortization of equity investments, $6 million recognized in "Net interest expense", $1 million recognized in "Other expense (income)", and a recovery of $2 million recognized in "Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest", that unfavourably impacted Diluted EPS by 8 cents; in the third quarter, KCS purchase accounting of $89 million ($65 million after deferred income tax recovery of $24 million), including costs of $85 million recognized in "Depreciation and amortization", $4 million recognized in "Net interest expense", $1 million recognized in "Other expense (income)", and a recovery of $1 million recognized in "Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest", that unfavourably impacted Diluted EPS by 7 cents; in the second quarter, KCS purchase accounting of $86 million ($62 million after deferred income tax recovery of $24 million), including costs of $82 million recognized in "Depreciation and amortization", $1 million recognized in "Purchased services and other" related to the amortization of equity investments, $5 million recognized in "Net interest expense", and a recovery of $2 million recognized in "Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest", that unfavourably impacted Diluted EPS by 6 cents; and in the first quarter of 2024, KCS purchase accounting of $84 million ($61 million after deferred income tax recovery of $23 million), including costs of $79 million recognized in "Depreciation and amortization", $1 million recognized in "Purchased services and other" related to the amortization of equity investments, $5 million recognized in "Net interest expense", $1 million recognized in "Other expense (income)", and a recovery of $2 million recognized in "Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest", that unfavourably impacted Diluted EPS by 7 cents. 2023: during the last nine months ended December 31, 2023, KCS purchase accounting of $255 million ($186 million after deferred income tax recovery of $69 million), including costs of $234 million recognized in "Depreciation and amortization", $1 million recognized in "Purchased services and other" related to the amortization of equity investments, $17 million recognized in "Net interest expense", $2 million recognized in "Other expense (income)", $6 million of equity earnings from KCS recognized in Net income attributable to controlling shareholders, and a recovery of $5 million recognized in "Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest", that unfavourably impacted Diluted EPS by 20 cents as follows: in the fourth quarter, KCS purchase accounting of $87 million ($62 million after deferred income tax recovery of $25 million), including costs of $85 million recognized in "Depreciation and amortization", $1 million recognized in "Purchased services and other" related to the amortization of equity investments, $6 million recognized in "Net interest expense", and a recovery of $5 million recognized in "Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest", that unfavourably impacted Diluted EPS by 7 cents; in the third quarter, KCS purchase accounting of $87 million ($63 million after deferred income tax recovery of $24 million), including costs of $81 million recognized in "Depreciation and amortization", $5 million recognized in "Net interest expense", and $1 million in recognized in "Other expense (income)", that unfavourably impacted Diluted EPS by 7 cents; and in the second quarter, KCS purchase accounting of $81 million ($61 million after deferred income tax recovery of $20 million), including costs of $68 million recognized in "Depreciation and amortization", $6 million recognized in "Net interest expense", $1 million recognized in "Other expense (income)", and $6 million of equity earnings from KCS recognized in Net income attributable to controlling shareholders, that unfavourably impacted Diluted EPS by 6 cents. Updated 2025 Outlook As a result of the ongoing tariff and trade policy uncertainty, CPKC now expects 2025 Core adjusted diluted EPS growth of 10-14% versus 2024 Core adjusted combined diluted EPS of $4.25. For the purposes of this outlook, CPKC continues to assume mid-single digit RTM growth, Core adjusted effective tax rate of 24.50%, other components of net periodic benefit recovery to increase by $76 million versus 2024 and $2.9 billion in capital programs, with the year over year increase in capital versus 2024 driven largely by a higher expected USD/CAD FX rate. The Core adjusted effective tax rate is a Non-GAAP measure, calculated as the effective tax rate adjusted for significant items as they are not considered indicative of future financial trends either by nature or amount nor provide comparability to past performance. The Company uses the Core adjusted effective tax rate to evaluate CPKC's operating performance and for planning and forecasting future profitability. Core adjusted effective tax rate also excludes KCS purchase accounting to provide financial statement users with additional transparency by isolating the impact of KCS purchase accounting. This Non-GAAP measure does not have a standardized meaning and is not defined by GAAP and, therefore, may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other companies. Although CPKC has provided forward-looking Non-GAAP measures (Core adjusted diluted EPS and Core adjusted effective tax rate), management is unable to reconcile, without unreasonable efforts, the forward-looking Core adjusted diluted EPS and Core adjusted effective tax rate to the most comparable GAAP measures, due to unknown variables and uncertainty related to future results. These unknown variables may include unpredictable transactions of significant value. In recent years, CPKC has recognized acquisition-related costs, KCS purchase accounting, adjustments to provisions and settlements of Mexican taxes, changes in income tax rates and a change to an uncertain tax item. These or other similar, large unforeseen transactions affect diluted EPS and effective tax rate but may be excluded from CPKC's Core adjusted diluted EPS and Core adjusted effective tax rate. Additionally, the U.S.-to-Canadian dollar exchange rate is unpredictable and can have a significant impact on CPKC's reported results but may be excluded from CPKC's Core adjusted diluted EPS and Core adjusted effective tax rate. Reconciliation of GAAP Performance Measures to Non-GAAP Performance Measures The following tables reconcile the most directly comparable measures presented in accordance with GAAP to the Non-GAAP measures: Core Adjusted Income and Core Adjusted Diluted Earnings per Share Core adjusted income is calculated as Net income attributable to controlling shareholders reported on a GAAP basis adjusted for significant items less KCS purchase accounting.  For the three monthsended March 31 (in millions of Canadian dollars) 2025 2024 Net income attributable to controlling shareholders as reported $              910 $              775 Less: Significant items (pre-tax): Adjustments to provisions and settlements of Mexican taxes — (10) Acquisition-related costs (20) (26) KCS purchase accounting (92) (84) Add: Tax effect of adjustments(1) (30) (29) Core adjusted income $              992 $              866 (1)    The tax effect of adjustments was calculated as the pre-tax effect of the significant items and KCS purchase accounting listed above multiplied by the applicable tax rate for the above items of 26.76% for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 24.61% for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The applicable tax rates reflect the taxable jurisdictions and nature, being on account of capital or income, of the adjustments. Core adjusted diluted EPS is calculated using Diluted EPS reported on a GAAP basis adjusted for significant items less KCS purchase accounting. For the three monthsended March 31 For the year endedDecember 31 2025 2024 2024 Diluted earnings per share as reported $        0.97 $         0.83 $                         3.98 Less: Significant items (pre-tax):           Adjustments to provisions and settlements of Mexican taxes — (0.01) —           Acquisition-related costs (0.02) (0.03) (0.12) KCS purchase accounting (0.10) (0.09) (0.38) Add:      Tax effect of adjustments(1) (0.03) (0.03) (0.14)      Income tax rate changes — — (0.09) Core adjusted diluted earnings per share $        1.06 $         0.93 $                         4.25 (1)    The tax effect of adjustments was calculated as the pre-tax effect of the significant items and KCS purchase accounting listed above multiplied by the applicable tax rate for the above items of 26.76% for the three months ended March 31, 2025, 24.61% for the three months ended March 31, 2024, and 27.13% for the year ended December 31, 2024. The applicable tax rates reflect the taxable jurisdictions and nature, being on account of capital or income, of the adjustments. Core Adjusted Operating Income and Core Adjusted Operating Ratio Core adjusted operating income and Core adjusted operating ratio are calculated from reported GAAP revenue and operating expenses adjusted for, where applicable, (1) significant items (acquisition-related costs and adjustments to provisions and settlement of Mexican taxes) that are reported within Operating income, and (2) KCS purchase accounting recognized in "Depreciation and amortization" and "Purchased services and other". For the three months endedMarch 31 (in millions of Canadian dollars) 2025 2024 Operating income as reported $           1,317 $           1,149 Less: Adjustments to provisions and settlements of Mexican taxes — (10) Acquisition-related costs (20) (26) KCS purchase accounting in Operating expenses (88) (80) Core adjusted operating income $           1,425 $           1,265 For the three months endedMarch 31 2025 2024 Operating ratio as reported 65.3 % 67.4 % Less: Adjustments to provisions and settlements of Mexican taxes — % 0.3 % Acquisition-related costs 0.5 % 0.8 % KCS purchase accounting in Operating expenses 2.3 % 2.3 % Core adjusted operating ratio 62.5 % 64.0 % Adjusted Free Cash Adjusted free cash is calculated as Net cash provided by operating activities, less Net cash used in investing activities, adjusted for changes in Cash and cash equivalents balances resulting from FX fluctuations, and the operating cash flow impacts of acquisition-related costs associated with the KCS acquisition, settlements of Mexican taxes, and settlement of foreign currency forward contracts, net of tax. The acquisition-related costs associated with the KCS acquisition, settlements of Mexican taxes, and settlement of foreign currency forward contracts, net of tax, are not indicative of operating trends and have been excluded from Adjusted free cash. Adjusted free cash is useful to investors and other external users of the Company's Interim Consolidated Financial Statements as it assists with the evaluation of the Company's ability to generate cash to satisfy debt obligations and other activities such as dividends, share repurchase programs, and other strategic opportunities, and is an important performance criterion in determining certain elements of the Company's long-term incentive plan. Adjusted free cash should be considered in addition to, rather than as a substitute for, Net cash provided by operating activities. Reconciliation of Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities to Adjusted Free Cash For the three monthsended March 31 (in millions of Canadian dollars) 2025 2024 Net cash provided by operating activities as reported $           1,156 $           1,015 Net cash used in investing activities (715) (542) Effect of foreign currency fluctuations on foreign currency-denominated cash and cash equivalents (1) 13 Less: Settlements of Mexican taxes (11) (1) Settlement of foreign currency forward contracts, net of tax — (46) Acquisition-related costs (15) (22) Adjusted free cash $              466 $              555 Foreign Exchange Adjusted % Change FX adjusted % change allows certain financial results to be viewed without the impact of fluctuations in FX rates, thereby facilitating period-to-period comparisons in the analysis of trends in business performance. Financial result variances at constant currency are obtained by translating the comparable period of the prior year's results denominated in U.S. dollars at the FX rates of the current period. FX adjusted % changes in revenues are also used in calculating FX adjusted % change in Freight revenue per carload and per RTM. FX adjusted % changes in revenues are as follows: For the three months ended March 31 (in millions of Canadian dollars) Reported2025 Reported 2024 Variance due to FX FX Adjusted 2024 FX Adjusted % Change Freight revenues by line of business Grain $           788 $           730 $             31 $           761 4 Coal 257 209 3 212 21 Potash 156 137 5 142 10 Fertilizers and sulphur 114 104 5 109 5 Forest products 217 202 10 212 2 Energy, chemicals and plastics 758 702 33 735 3 Metals, minerals and consumer products 448 440 11 451 (1) Automotive 315 265 3 268 18 Intermodal 674 638 13 651 4 Freight revenues 3,727 3,427 114 3,541 5 Non-freight revenues 68 93 1 94 (28) Total revenues $        3,795 $        3,520 $           115 $        3,635 4 FX adjusted % changes in Operating expenses are as follows: For the three months ended March 31 (in millions of Canadian dollars) Reported 2025 Reported 2024 Variance due to FX FX Adjusted2024 FX Adjusted  % Change Compensation and benefits $           682 $           690 $               7 $           697 (2) Fuel 481 458 11 469 3 Materials 124 94 — 94 32 Equipment rents 99 82 5 87 14 Depreciation and amortization 504 467 19 486 4 Purchased services and other 588 580 14 594 (1) Total operating expenses $        2,478 $        2,371 $             56 $        2,427 2 FX adjusted % change in Operating income is as follows: For the three months ended March 31 (in millions of Canadian dollars) Reported 2025 Reported 2024 Variance due to FX FX Adjusted 2024 FX Adjusted % Change Total revenues $        3,795 $        3,520 $           115 $        3,635 4 Total operating expenses 2,478 2,371 56 2,427 2 Operating income $        1,317 $        1,149 $             59 $        1,208 9 Adjusted Net Debt to Adjusted EBITDA Ratio Beginning in the first quarter of 2025, Adjusted net debt to adjusted EBITDA ratio has been used in continuity of the Non-GAAP measure previously known as Adjusted combined net debt to adjusted combined EBITDA ratio. Adjusted combined net debt to adjusted combined EBITDA ratio as previously reported in the first quarter of 2024 included certain combination adjustments for KCS within Adjusted combined EBITDA for the period from April 1 to April 13, 2023 when the Company included the results of KCS by the equity method of accounting in its reported results. These combination adjustments were removed from Adjusted EBITDA for the twelve months ended March 31, 2024 to present Adjusted net debt to adjusted EBITDA ratio on a comparable basis, however, the ratio remains the same as previously reported. Adjusted net debt to adjusted EBITDA ratio is calculated as Adjusted net debt divided by Adjusted EBITDA. The Adjusted net debt to adjusted EBITDA ratio is a key credit measure used to assess the Company's financial capacity. The ratio provides information on the Company's ability to service its debt and other long-term obligations from operations, excluding significant items, and is an important performance criterion in determining certain elements of the Company's long-term incentive plan. The Adjusted net debt to adjusted EBITDA ratio which is reconciled below from the Long-term debt to Net income attributable to controlling shareholders ratio, the most comparable measure calculated in accordance with GAAP. Calculation of Long-term Debt to Net Income Attributable to Controlling Shareholders Ratio The Long-term debt to Net income attributable to controlling shareholders ratio is calculated as Long-term debt, including Long-term debt maturing within one year, divided by Net income attributable to controlling shareholders. (in millions of Canadian dollars, except for ratios) 2025 2024 Long-term debt including long-term debt maturing within one year as at March 31 $                     22,652 $                     22,728 Net income attributable to controlling shareholders for the twelve months ended March 31 3,853 3,902 Long-term debt to Net income attributable to controlling shareholders ratio 5.9 5.8 Reconciliation of Long-term Debt to Adjusted Net Debt Adjusted net debt is defined as Long-term debt and Long-term debt maturing within one year, as reported on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets adjusted for pension plans' deficit, operating lease liabilities, Cash and cash equivalents, and the fair value adjustment to KCS debt on the Control Date which is recognized under Long-term debt on the Company''s Consolidated Balance Sheets. Adjusted net debt is used as a measure of debt and long-term obligations as part of the calculation of Adjusted net debt to Adjusted EBITDA. (in millions of Canadian dollars) 2025 2024 Long-term debt including long-term debt maturing within one year as at March 31 $                     22,652 $                     22,728 Add: Pension plans deficit(1) 161 173 Operating lease liabilities 392 348 Less: Fair value adjustment to KCS debt upon Control(2) (495) (479) Cash and cash equivalents 695 519 Adjusted net debt $                     23,005 $                     23,209 (1) Pension plans' deficit is the total funded status of the Pension plans in deficit only. (2) The fair value adjustment to KCS debt upon control represents the fair value adjustment based on the purchase price allocation at fair value, net of amortization of fair value adjustments from April 14, 2023 and the foreign currency translation impact on the fair value adjustment. Reconciliation of Net Income Attributable to Controlling Shareholders to Adjusted EBITDA Adjusted EBITDA is calculated as Net income attributable to controlling shareholders before Net interest expense, Income tax expense (recovery), Depreciation and amortization, and Operating lease expense recognized on the Company's Consolidated Statement of Income, excluding significant items reported in "Operating income" and "Other expense (income)", less "Other components of net periodic benefit recovery" recognized on the Company's Consolidated Statement of Income. Adjusted EBITDA is used as a performance measure derived from operating results, excluding significant items, as part of the calculation of Adjusted net debt to adjusted EBITDA. Detailed quarterly information on significant items that occurred within the 12 months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 can be found under the earlier section Core Adjusted Income and Core Adjusted Diluted Earnings Per Share. For the twelve months ended March 31 (in millions of Canadian dollars) 2025 2024 Net income attributable to controlling shareholders as reported $                       3,853 $                       3,902 Add: Net interest expense 811 823 Income tax expense (recovery) 1,092 (6,880) Depreciation and amortization 1,937 1,785 Operating lease expense 114 100 Less: Significant items (pre-tax):      Adjustments to provisions and settlements of Mexican taxes 14 (10)      Acquisition-related costs (106) (202)      Remeasurement loss of Kansas City Southern — (7,175) Other components of net periodic benefit recovery 371 329 Adjusted EBITDA $                       7,528 $                       6,788 Calculation of Adjusted Net Debt to Adjusted EBITDA Ratio (in millions of Canadian dollars, except for ratios) 2025 2024 Adjusted net debt as at March 31 $                     23,005 $                     23,209 Adjusted EBITDA for the twelve months ended March 31 7,528 6,788 Adjusted net debt to adjusted EBITDA ratio 3.1 3.4 SOURCE CPKC WANT YOUR COMPANY'S NEWS FEATURED ON PRNEWSWIRE.COM? 440k+ Newsrooms & Influencers 9k+ Digital Media Outlets 270k+ Journalists Opted In

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