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Par Pacific Reports Fourth Quarter and 2024 Results

1. Q4 net loss $55.7M and full-year loss $33.3M; performance declined sharply. 2. Adjusted net income plunged from $501.2M to $21.2M; EBITDA fell steeply. 3. Refining segment underperformed while Retail and Logistics posted growth; margins suffered. 4. Wyoming refinery idled due to an incident; restart expected mid-April. 5. Board approved up to $250M share buyback; signals management confidence.

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FAQ

Why Bearish?

A dramatic earnings and margin deterioration from a prior profit year raises concerns. Historical parallels in the energy sector show similar declines often trigger stock price drops.

How important is it?

The stark drop in net and adjusted earnings, combined with refining challenges, underlines significant near-term risk for PARR. Such dramatic shifts in financial performance historically have had a pronounced impact on investor sentiment.

Why Short Term?

Current operational issues and immediate financial declines will likely affect near-term performance. Past events indicate that such results impose short-term headwinds before turnaround benefits emerge.

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HOUSTON, Feb. 25, 2025 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Par Pacific Holdings, Inc. (NYSE: PARR) (“Par Pacific” or the “Company”) today reported its financial results for the fourth quarter and twelve months ended December 31, 2024. Fourth quarter Net Loss of $(55.7) million, or $(1.01) per diluted share; Adjusted Net Loss of $(43.4) million, or $(0.79) per diluted share; Adjusted EBITDA of $10.9 millionFull year net loss of $(33.3) million, or $(0.59) per diluted share; Adjusted Net Income of $21.2 million, or $0.37 per diluted share; Adjusted EBITDA of $238.7 millionRecord annual Retail and Logistics segment Adjusted EBITDARepurchased 5 million common shares during 2024, or 9% of year end shares outstanding Par Pacific reported a net loss of $(33.3) million, or $(0.59) per diluted share, for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, compared to net income of $728.6 million, or $11.94 per diluted share, for the twelve months ended December 31, 2023. Adjusted Net Income for 2024 was $21.2 million, compared to $501.2 million for 2023. 2024 Adjusted EBITDA was $238.7 million, compared to $696.2 million for 2023. Par Pacific reported a net loss of $(55.7) million, or $(1.01) per diluted share, for the quarter ended December 31, 2024, compared to net income of $289.3 million, or $4.77 per diluted share, for the same quarter in 2023. Fourth quarter 2024 Adjusted Net Loss was $(43.4) million, compared to Adjusted Net Income of $65.2 million in the fourth quarter of 2023. Fourth quarter 2024 Adjusted EBITDA was $10.9 million, compared to $122.0 million in the fourth quarter of 2023. A reconciliation of reported non-GAAP financial measures to their most directly comparable GAAP financial measures can be found in the tables accompanying this news release. “Our 2024 results underscore our strategic diversification with strong contribution from Hawaii Refining and record profitability in our Retail and Logistics segments,” said Will Monteleone, President and Chief Executive Officer. “Completing the Montana turnaround prior to the summer driving season and starting up our capital efficient Hawaii Sustainable Aviation Fuel project position us for earnings growth.” Refining The Refining segment generated operating income of $17.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to $676.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. Adjusted Gross Margin for the Refining segment in the year ended December 31, 2024 was $618.3 million, compared to $995.0 million in the year ended December 31, 2023. Refining segment Adjusted EBITDA for the year ended December 31, 2024 was $139.2 million, compared to $621.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2023. The Refining segment reported an operating loss of $(65.4) million in the fourth quarter of 2024, compared to operating income of $174.0 million in the fourth quarter of 2023. Adjusted Gross Margin for the Refining segment was $92.4 million in the fourth quarter of 2024, compared to $227.2 million in the fourth quarter of 2023. Refining segment Adjusted EBITDA was $(22.3) million in the fourth quarter of 2024, compared to $106.5 million in the fourth quarter of 2023. HawaiiThe Hawaii Index averaged $5.52 per barrel in the fourth quarter of 2024, compared to $12.48 per barrel in the fourth quarter of 2023. Throughput in the fourth quarter of 2024 was 83 thousand barrels per day (Mbpd), compared to 81 Mbpd for the same quarter in 2023. Production costs were $4.42 per throughput barrel in the fourth quarter of 2024, compared to $4.80 per throughput barrel in the same period of 2023. The Hawaii refinery’s Adjusted Gross Margin was $7.36 per barrel during the fourth quarter of 2024, including a net price lag impact of approximately $(5.4) million, or $(0.71) per barrel, compared to $16.73 per barrel during the fourth quarter of 2023. MontanaThe Montana Index averaged $5.75 per barrel in the fourth quarter of 2024, compared to $14.80 in the fourth quarter of 2023. The Montana refinery’s throughput in the fourth quarter of 2024 was 52 Mbpd, compared to 50 Mbpd for the same quarter in 2023. Production costs were $10.48 per throughput barrel in the fourth quarter of 2024, compared to $12.03 per throughput barrel in the same period of 2023. The Montana refinery’s Adjusted Gross Margin was $3.70 per barrel during the fourth quarter of 2024, compared to $11.55 per barrel during the fourth quarter of 2023. WashingtonThe Washington Index averaged $(0.62) per barrel in the fourth quarter of 2024, compared to $5.23 per barrel in the fourth quarter of 2023. The Washington refinery’s throughput was 39 Mbpd in the fourth quarter of 2024, compared to 38 Mbpd in the fourth quarter of 2023. Production costs were $4.34 per throughput barrel in the fourth quarter of 2024, compared to $4.53 per throughput barrel in the same period of 2023. The Washington refinery’s Adjusted Gross Margin was $1.05 per barrel during the fourth quarter of 2024, compared to $7.87 per barrel during the fourth quarter of 2023. Wyoming The Wyoming Index averaged $13.36 per barrel in the fourth quarter of 2024, compared to $16.58 per barrel in the fourth quarter of 2023. The Wyoming refinery’s throughput was 14 Mbpd in the fourth quarter of 2024, compared to 17 Mbpd in the fourth quarter of 2023. Production costs were $11.49 per throughput barrel in the fourth quarter of 2024, compared to $8.03 per throughput barrel in the same period of 2023. The Wyoming refinery's Adjusted Gross Margin was $11.11 per barrel during the fourth quarter of 2024, including a FIFO impact of approximately $(2.2) million, or $(1.75) per barrel, compared to $13.90 per barrel during the fourth quarter of 2023. Wyoming Refining Operational Update The Wyoming refinery experienced an operational incident on the evening of February 12, 2025, and has remained safely idled through the extreme winter weather conditions. We expect to restart the refinery in mid-April at reduced throughput and return to full operations by the end of May. Retail The Retail segment reported operating income of $64.8 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, compared to $56.6 million in the twelve months ended December 31, 2023. Adjusted Gross Margin for the Retail segment was $164.7 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, compared to $155.3 million in the twelve months ended December 31, 2023. For the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, Retail Adjusted EBITDA was $76.0 million, compared to $68.3 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2023. For the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, the Retail segment reported fuel sales volumes of 121.5 million gallons, compared to 117.6 million gallons for the twelve months ended December 31, 2023. 2024 same store fuel volumes and inside sales revenue increased by 2.2% and 4.6%, respectively, compared to 2023. The Retail segment reported operating income of $19.5 million in the fourth quarter of 2024, compared to $14.6 million in the fourth quarter of 2023. Adjusted Gross Margin for the Retail segment was $43.4 million in the fourth quarter of 2024, compared to $40.5 million in the same quarter of 2023. Retail segment Adjusted EBITDA was $22.2 million in the fourth quarter of 2024, compared to $17.2 million in the fourth quarter of 2023. The Retail segment reported sales volumes of 30.3 million gallons in the fourth quarter of 2024, compared to 29.8 million gallons in the same quarter of 2023. Fourth quarter 2024 same store fuel volumes and inside sales revenue increased by 2.1% and 6.2%, respectively, compared to fourth quarter of 2023. Logistics The Logistics segment generated operating income of $89.4 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, compared to $69.7 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2023. Adjusted Gross Margin for the Logistics segment was $135.8 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, compared to $121.2 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2023. Adjusted EBITDA for the Logistics segment was $120.2 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, compared to $96.7 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2023. The Logistics segment reported operating income of $24.8 million in the fourth quarter of 2024, compared to $15.7 million in the fourth quarter of 2023. Adjusted Gross Margin for the Logistics segment was $36.8 million in the fourth quarter of 2024, compared to $35.3 million in the same quarter of 2023. Logistics segment Adjusted EBITDA was $33.0 million in the fourth quarter of 2024, compared to $24.0 million in the fourth quarter of 2023. Liquidity Net cash provided by operations totaled $83.8 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, including working capital outflows of $(18.1) million and deferred turnaround expenditures of $(73.5) million. Excluding these items, net cash provided by operations totaled $175.3 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024. Net cash provided by operations totaled $579.2 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2023. Net cash used in operations totaled $(15.5) million for the three months ended December 31, 2024, including working capital inflows of $19.9 million and deferred turnaround expenditures of $(15.7) million. Excluding these items, net cash used in operations totaled $(19.6) million for the three months ended December 31, 2024. Net cash used in operations totaled $(2.3) million for the three months ended December 31, 2023. Net cash used in investing activities totaled $(47.7) million and $(134.0) million for the three months and twelve months ended December 31, 2024, respectively, compared to $(27.3) million and $(659.0) million for the three months and twelve months ended December 31, 2023, respectively. Net cash used in investing activities for the three months and twelve months ended December 31, 2024, includes $(47.7) million and $(135.5) million in capital expenditures, respectively. Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities totaled $72.1 million and $(37.0) million for the three months and twelve months ended December 31, 2024, respectively, compared to net cash used in financing activities of $(56.6) million and $(135.6) million for the three months and twelve months ended December 31, 2023, respectively. At December 31, 2024, Par Pacific’s cash balance totaled $191.9 million, gross term debt was $644.2 million, and total liquidity was $613.7 million. Net term debt was $452.3 million at December 31, 2024. In February 2025, the Company's Board of Directors authorized management to repurchase up to $250 million of common stock, with no specified end date. This replaces the prior authorization to repurchase up to $250 million of common stock. Laramie Energy In conjunction with Laramie Energy LLC’s (“Laramie’s”) refinancing and subsequent cash distribution to Par Pacific during the first quarter of 2023, we resumed the application of equity method accounting for our investment in Laramie effective February 21, 2023. During the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2024, we recorded $(3.2) million and $(0.3) million of equity losses. Laramie’s total net loss was $(11.3) million in the fourth quarter of 2024, including unrealized losses on derivatives of $(5.2) million, compared to net income of $42.5 million in the fourth quarter of 2023. Laramie’s total net loss was $(15.5) million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2024, including unrealized losses on derivatives of $(3.6) million, compared to net income of $96.6 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2023. Laramie’s total Adjusted EBITDAX was $11.0 million and $45.8 million for the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2024, respectively, compared to $19.6 million and $89.7 million for the three and twelve months ended December 31, 2023, respectively. Laramie’s balance sheet position is strong with $68.6 million of cash and $160.0 million of debt at December 31, 2024. Laramie’s 2024 production was 96.6 million cubic feet of gas equivalent per day (MMcfe/d) and its management team plans to run a one-rig program throughout 2025. Approximately 79% of Laramie’s 2025 production is hedged at $3.20 per million British thermal unit (MMBtu). Conference Call Information A conference call is scheduled for Wednesday, February 26, 2025 at 9:00 a.m. Central Time (10:00 a.m. Eastern Time). To access the call, please dial 1-833-974-2377 inside the U.S. or 1-412-317-5782 outside of the U.S. and ask for the Par Pacific call. Please dial in at least 10 minutes early to register. The webcast may be accessed online through the Company’s website at http://www.parpacific.com on the Investors page. A telephone replay will be available until March 12, 2025, and may be accessed by calling 1-877-344-7529 inside the U.S. or 1-412-317-0088 outside the U.S. and using the conference ID 2219355. About Par Pacific Par Pacific Holdings, Inc. (NYSE: PARR), headquartered in Houston, Texas, is a growing energy company providing both renewable and conventional fuels to the western United States. Par Pacific owns and operates 219,000 bpd of combined refining capacity across four locations in Hawaii, the Pacific Northwest and the Rockies, and an extensive energy infrastructure network, including 13 million barrels of storage, and marine, rail, rack, and pipeline assets. In addition, Par Pacific operates the Hele retail brand in Hawaii and the “nomnom” convenience store chain in the Pacific Northwest. Par Pacific also owns 46% of Laramie Energy, LLC, a natural gas production company with operations and assets concentrated in Western Colorado. More information is available at www.parpacific.com.  Forward-Looking Statements This news release (and oral statements regarding the subject matter of this news release, including those made on the conference call and webcast announced herein) includes certain “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, which are intended to qualify for the “safe harbor” from liability established by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. All statements other than statements of historical fact are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements include, without limitation, statements about: expected market conditions; anticipated free cash flows; anticipated refinery throughput; anticipated cost savings; anticipated capital expenditures, including major maintenance costs, and their effect on our financial and operating results, including earnings per share and free cash flow; anticipated retail sales volumes and on-island sales; the anticipated financial and operational results of Laramie Energy, LLC; the amount of our discounted net cash flows and the impact of our NOL carryforwards thereon; our ability to identify, acquire, and develop energy, related retailing, and infrastructure businesses; the timing and expected results of certain development projects, as well as the impact of such investments on our product mix and sales; the anticipated synergies and other benefits of the Billings refinery and associated marketing and logistics assets (“Billings Acquisition”), including renewable growth opportunities, the anticipated financial and operating results of the Billings Acquisition and the effect on Par Pacific's cash flows and profitability (including Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Net Income and Free Cash Flow per share); and other risks and uncertainties detailed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and any other documents that we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Additionally, forward-looking statements are subject to certain risks, trends, and uncertainties, such as changes to our financial condition and liquidity; the volatility of crude oil and refined product prices; the Russia-Ukraine war, Israel-Palestine conflict, Houthi attacks in the Red Sea, Iranian activities in the Strait of Hormuz and their potential impacts on global crude oil markets and our business; operating disruptions at our refineries resulting from unplanned maintenance events or natural disasters; environmental risks; changes in the labor market; and risks of political or regulatory changes. We cannot provide assurances that the assumptions upon which these forward-looking statements are based will prove to have been correct. Should any of these risks materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary materially from those expressed or implied in any forward-looking statements, and investors are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which are current only as of this date. We do not intend to update or revise any forward-looking statements made herein or any other forward-looking statements as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise. We further expressly disclaim any written or oral statements made by a third party regarding the subject matter of this news release. Contact:Ashimi PatelVP, Investor Relations & Sustainability(832) 916-3355apatel@parpacific.com Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations(Unaudited)(in thousands, except per share data)  Three Months Ended December 31, Year Ended December 31,  2024   2023   2024   2023 Revenues$1,832,221  $2,183,511  $7,974,457  $8,231,955 Operating expenses       Cost of revenues (excluding depreciation) 1,678,273   1,799,898   7,101,148   6,838,109 Operating expense (excluding depreciation) 139,893   155,441   584,282   485,587 Depreciation and amortization 34,911   31,943   131,590   119,830 General and administrative expense (excluding depreciation) 21,522   25,299   108,844   91,447 Equity losses (earnings) from refining and logistics investments 941   (7,485)  (11,905)  (11,844)Acquisition and integration costs 32   269   100   17,482 Par West redevelopment and other costs 3,500   2,907   12,548   11,397 Loss (gain) on sale of assets, net 108   (59)  222   (59)Total operating expenses 1,879,180   2,008,213   7,926,829   7,551,949 Operating income (loss) (46,959)  175,298   47,628   680,006 Other income (expense)       Interest expense and financing costs, net (21,073)  (20,476)  (82,793)  (72,450)Debt extinguishment and commitment costs (270)  (1,500)  (1,688)  (19,182)Other loss, net (422)  (354)  (1,869)  (53)Equity earnings (losses) from Laramie Energy, LLC (3,163)  14,279   (296)  24,985 Total other expense, net (24,928)  (8,051)  (86,646)  (66,700)Income (loss) before income taxes (71,887)  167,247   (39,018)  613,306 Income tax benefit (expense) 16,192   122,077   5,696   115,336 Net income (loss)$(55,695) $289,324  $(33,322) $728,642  Weighted-average shares outstanding       Basic 55,252   59,403   56,775   60,035 Diluted 55,252   60,609   56,775   61,014         Income (loss) per share       Basic$(1.01) $4.87  $(0.59) $12.14 Diluted$(1.01) $4.77  $(0.59) $11.94                  Balance Sheet Data(Unaudited)(in thousands)  December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023Balance Sheet Data   Cash and cash equivalents$        191,921         $        279,107        Working capital (1)         488,940                  190,042        ABL Credit Facility         483,000                  115,000        Term debt (2)         644,233                  550,621        Total debt, including current portion         1,112,967                  650,858        Total stockholders’ equity         1,191,302                  1,335,424               _______________________________________ (1)Working capital is calculated as (i) total current assets excluding cash and cash equivalents less (ii) total current liabilities excluding current portion of long-term debt. Total current assets include inventories stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value.(2)Term debt includes the Term Loan Credit Agreement and other long-term debt.   Operating Statistics The following table summarizes key operational data:  Three Months Ended December 31, Year Ended December 31,  2024   2023   2024   2023 Total Refining Segment       Feedstocks throughput (Mbpd) (1) 187.8   186.0   186.7   170.3 Refined product sales volume (Mbpd) (1) 199.4   194.4   199.9   183.1         Hawaii Refinery       Feedstocks throughput (Mbpd) 83.3   80.6   81.1   80.8         Yield (% of total throughput)       Gasoline and gasoline blendstocks 27.0%  25.2%  26.2%  26.3%Distillates 41.1%  39.3%  38.9%  40.4%Fuel oils 29.2%  31.8%  31.3%  28.9%Other products(0.2)% (0.2)%  0.2%  1.1%Total yield 97.1%  96.1%  96.6%  96.7%        Refined product sales volume (Mbpd) 93.7   89.0   89.3   89.1         Adjusted Gross Margin per bbl ($/throughput bbl) (2)$7.36  $16.73  $9.34  $15.25 Production costs per bbl ($/throughput bbl) (3) 4.42   4.80   4.58   4.57 D&A per bbl ($/throughput bbl) 0.32   0.54   0.43   0.65         Montana Refinery       Feedstocks Throughput (Mbpd) (1) 51.9   49.8   49.9   54.4         Yield (% of total throughput)       Gasoline and gasoline blendstocks 43.9%  45.1%  48.0%  48.1%Distillates 32.7%  38.8%  31.9%  32.0%Asphalt 15.2%  8.7%  10.9%  12.1%Other products 2.7%  2.5%  3.9%  3.2%Total yield 94.5%  95.1%  94.7%  95.4%        Refined product sales volume (Mbpd) (1) 52.9   51.5   53.2   58.6         Adjusted Gross Margin per bbl ($/throughput bbl) (2)$3.70  $11.55  $11.37  $21.14 Production costs per bbl ($/throughput bbl) (3) 10.48   12.03   12.42   10.78 D&A per bbl ($/throughput bbl) 2.26   1.10   1.83   1.45          Three Months Ended December 31, Year Ended December 31,  2024   2023   2024   2023 Washington Refinery       Feedstocks throughput (Mbpd) 39.0   38.4   38.2   40.0         Yield (% of total throughput)       Gasoline and gasoline blendstocks 23.6%  23.8%  23.9%  23.5%Distillate 34.6%  34.1%  34.5%  34.5%Asphalt 19.4%  20.6%  18.8%  19.7%Other products 19.3%  18.6%  19.3%  18.7%Total yield 96.9%  97.1%  96.5%  96.4%        Refined product sales volume (Mbpd) 37.9   37.0   39.2   41.7         Adjusted Gross Margin per bbl ($/throughput bbl) (2)$1.05  $7.87  $3.25  $9.41 Production costs per bbl ($/throughput bbl) (3) 4.34   4.53   4.28   4.12 D&A per bbl ($/throughput bbl) 1.91   2.22   1.97   1.91         Wyoming Refinery       Feedstocks throughput (Mbpd) 13.6   17.2   17.5   17.6         Yield (% of total throughput)       Gasoline and gasoline blendstocks 51.5%  50.3%  46.9%  47.1%Distillate 43.1%  45.0%  47.1%  46.7%Fuel oils 1.7%  2.3%  2.4%  2.5%Other products 1.7%  1.0%  2.1%  1.5%Total yield 98.0%  98.6%  98.5%  97.8%        Refined product sales volume (Mbpd) 14.9   16.9   18.2   17.9         Adjusted Gross Margin per bbl ($/throughput bbl) (2)$11.11  $13.90  $13.73  $25.15 Production costs per bbl ($/throughput bbl) (3) 11.49   8.03   8.10   7.50 D&A per bbl ($/throughput bbl) 3.55   2.71   2.71   2.69                 Par Pacific Indices ($ per barrel)       Hawaii Index (4)$5.52  $12.48  $7.21  $13.06 Montana Index (5) 5.75   14.80   14.39   23.71 Washington Index (6) (0.62)  5.23   4.13   9.81 Wyoming Index (7) 13.36   16.58   16.47   24.48         Market Cracks ($ per barrel)       Singapore 3.1.2 Product Crack (4)$11.69  $19.44  $13.36  $19.50 Montana 6.3.2.1 Product Crack (5) 15.31   23.56   21.59   30.15 Washington 3.1.1.1 Product Crack (6) 8.29   10.83   12.11   17.91 Wyoming 2.1.1 Product Crack (7) 16.00   18.70   18.48   27.52         Crude Oil Prices ($ per barrel) (8)       Brent$74.01  $82.85  $79.86  $82.17 WTI 70.32   78.53   75.76   77.60 ANS (-) Brent 1.00   2.21   1.55   0.95 Bakken Guernsey (-) WTI (1.22)  (2.20)  (1.26)  (0.65)Bakken Williston (-) WTI (2.54)  (2.50)  (2.45)  (0.09)WCS Hardisty (-) WTI (12.27)  (22.78)  (13.90)  (17.92)MSW (-) WTI (3.68)  (7.34)  (4.03)  (3.70)Syncrude (-) WTI (0.42)  (4.12)  0.18   1.32 Brent M1-M3 0.74   1.01   1.10   0.81         Retail Segment       Retail sales volumes (thousands of gallons) 30,287   29,840   121,473   117,550  _______________________________________ (1)Feedstocks throughput and sales volumes per day for the Montana refinery for the three months and year ended December 31, 2023 are calculated based on the 92 and 214-day periods for which we owned the Montana refinery during the three months and year ended December 31, 2023, respectively. As such, the amounts for the total refining segment represent the sum of the Hawaii, Washington, and Wyoming refineries’ throughput or sales volumes averaged over the three months and year ended December 31, 2023 plus the Montana refinery’s throughput or sales volumes averaged over the periods from October 1, 2023, to December 31, 2023 and June 1, 2023 to December 31, 2023, respectively. The 2024 amounts for the total refining segment represent the sum of the Hawaii, Montana, Washington, and Wyoming refineries’ throughput or sales volumes averaged over the three months and year ended December 31, 2024.(2)We calculate Adjusted Gross Margin per barrel by dividing Adjusted Gross Margin by total refining throughput. Adjusted Gross Margin for our Washington refinery is determined under the last-in, first-out (“LIFO”) inventory costing method. Adjusted Gross Margin for our other refineries is determined under the first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) inventory costing method.(3)Management uses production costs per barrel to evaluate performance and compare efficiency to other companies in the industry. There are a variety of ways to calculate production costs per barrel; different companies within the industry calculate it in different ways. We calculate production costs per barrel by dividing all direct production costs, which include the costs to run the refineries, including personnel costs, repair and maintenance costs, insurance, utilities, and other miscellaneous costs, by total refining throughput. Our production costs are included in Operating expense (excluding depreciation) on our condensed consolidated statements of operations, which also includes costs related to our bulk marketing operations and severance costs.(4)Beginning in 2025, we established the Hawaii Index as a new benchmark for our Hawaii operations. We believe the Hawaii Index, which incorporates market cracks and landed crude differentials, better reflects the key drivers impacting our Hawaii refinery’s financial performance compared to prior reported market indices. The Hawaii Index is calculated as the Singapore 3.1.2 Product Crack, or one part gasoline (RON 92) and two parts distillates (Sing Jet & Sing gasoil) as created from a barrel of Brent crude oil, less the Par Hawaii Refining, LLC (“PHR”) crude differential.(5)Beginning in 2025, we established the Montana Index as a new benchmark for our Montana refinery. We believe the Montana Index, which incorporates local market cracks, regional crude oil prices, and management’s estimates for other costs of sales, better reflects the key drivers impacting our Montana refinery’s financial performance compared to prior reported market indices. Beginning in 2025, market cracks have been updated to reflect local market product pricing, which better reflects our Montana refinery’s refined product sales price compared to prior reported market indices. The Montana Index is calculated as the Montana 6.3.2.1 Product Crack less Montana crude costs, less other costs of sales, including inflation-adjusted product delivery costs, yield loss expense, taxes and tariffs, and product discounts. The Montana 6.3.2.1 Product Crack is calculated by taking three parts gasoline (Billings E10 and Spokane E10), two parts distillate (Billings ULSD and Spokane ULSD), and one part asphalt (Rocky Mountain Rail Asphalt) as created from a barrel of WTI crude oil, less 100% of the RVO cost for gasoline and ULSD. Asphalt pricing is lagged by one month. The Montana crude cost is calculated as 60% WCS differential to WTI, 20% MSW differential to WTI, and 20% Syncrude differential to WTI. The Montana crude cost is lagged by three months and includes an inflation-adjusted crude delivery cost. Other costs of sales and crude delivery costs are based on historical averages and management’s estimates.(6)Beginning in 2025, we established the Washington Index as a new benchmark for our Washington refinery. We believe the Washington Index, which incorporates local market cracks, regional crude oil prices, and management’s estimates for other costs of sales, better reflects the key drivers impacting our Washington refinery’s financial performance compared to prior reported market indices. Beginning in 2025, market cracks have been updated to reflect local market product pricing, which better reflects our Washington refinery’s refined product sales price compared to prior reported market indices. The Washington Index is calculated as the Washington 3.1.1.1 Product Crack, less Washington crude costs, less other costs of sales, including inflation-adjusted product delivery costs, yield loss expense and state and local taxes. The Washington 3.1.1.1 Product Crack is calculated by taking one part gasoline (Tacoma E10), one part distillate (Tacoma ULSD) and one part secondary products (USGC VGO and Rocky Mountain Rail Asphalt) as created from a barrel of WTI crude oil, less 100% of the RVO cost for gasoline and ULSD. Asphalt pricing is lagged by one month. The Washington crude cost is calculated as 67% Bakken Williston differential to WTI and 33% WCS Hardisty differential to WTI. The Washington crude cost is lagged by one month and includes an inflation-adjusted crude delivery cost. Other costs of sales and crude delivery costs are based on historical averages and management’s estimates.(7)Beginning in 2025, we established the Wyoming Index as a new benchmark for our Wyoming refinery. We believe the Wyoming Index, which incorporates local market cracks, regional crude oil prices, and management’s estimates for other costs of sales, better reflects the key drivers impacting our Wyoming refinery’s financial performance compared to prior reported market indices. Beginning in 2025, market cracks have also been updated to reflect local market product pricing, which better reflects our Wyoming refinery’s refined product sales price compared to prior reported market indices. The Wyoming Index is calculated as the Wyoming 2.1.1 Product Crack, less Wyoming crude costs, less other cost of sales, including inflation adjusted product delivery costs and yield loss expense, based on historical averages and management’s estimates. The Wyoming 2.1.1 Product Crack is calculated by taking one part gasoline (Rockies gasoline) and one part distillate (USGC ULSD and USGC Jet) as created from a barrel of WTI crude oil, less 100% of the RVO cost for gasoline and ULSD. The Wyoming crude cost is calculated as the Bakken Guernsey differential to WTI on a one-month lag.(8)Beginning in 2025, crude oil prices have been updated and expanded to reflect regional differentials to Brent and WTI, which better reflect our refineries’ feedstock costs compared to prior crude oil pricing.   Non-GAAP Performance Measures Management uses certain financial measures to evaluate our operating performance that are considered non-GAAP financial measures. These measures should not be considered in isolation or as substitutes or alternatives to their most directly comparable GAAP financial measures or any other measure of financial performance or liquidity presented in accordance with GAAP. These non-GAAP measures may not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies since each company may define these terms differently. We believe Adjusted Gross Margin (as defined below) provides useful information to investors because it eliminates the gross impact of volatile commodity prices and adjusts for certain non-cash items and timing differences created by our inventory financing agreements and lower of cost and net realizable value adjustments to demonstrate the earnings potential of the business before other fixed and variable costs, which are reported separately in Operating expense (excluding depreciation) and Depreciation and amortization. Management uses Adjusted Gross Margin per barrel to evaluate operating performance and compare profitability to other companies in the industry and to industry benchmarks. We believe Adjusted Net Income (Loss) and Adjusted EBITDA (as defined below) are useful supplemental financial measures that allow investors to assess the financial performance of our assets without regard to financing methods, capital structure, or historical cost basis, the ability of our assets to generate cash to pay interest on our indebtedness, and our operating performance and return on invested capital as compared to other companies without regard to financing methods and capital structure. We believe Adjusted EBITDA by segment (as defined below) is a useful supplemental financial measure to evaluate the economic performance of our segments without regard to financing methods, capital structure, or historical cost basis. Beginning with financial results reported for the second quarter of 2023, Adjusted Gross Margin, Adjusted Net Income (Loss), and Adjusted EBITDA also exclude our portion of interest, taxes, and depreciation expense from our refining and logistics investments acquired on June 1, 2023, as part of the Billings Acquisition. Beginning with financial results reported for the fourth quarter of 2023, Adjusted Gross Margin, Adjusted Net Income (Loss), and Adjusted EBITDA excludes all hedge losses (gains) associated with our Washington ending inventory and LIFO layer increment impacts associated with our Washington inventory. In addition, we have modified our environmental obligation mark-to-market adjustment to include only the mark-to-market losses (gains) associated with our net RINs liability and net obligation associated with the Washington Climate Commitment Act (“Washington CCA”) and Clean Fuel Standard. This modification was made as part of our change in how we estimate our environmental obligation liabilities. Beginning with financial results reported for the fourth quarter of 2023, Adjusted Net Income (loss) excludes unrealized interest rate derivative losses (gains) and all Laramie Energy related impacts with the exception of cash distributions. We have recast Adjusted Net Income (Loss) for prior periods when reported to conform to the modified presentation. Beginning with financial results reported for the first quarter of 2024, Adjusted Net Income (loss) also excludes other non-operating income and expenses. This modification improves comparability between periods by excluding income and expenses resulting from non-operating activities. Effective as of the fourth quarter of 2024, we have modified our definition of Adjusted Gross Margin, Adjusted Net Income (Loss) and Adjusted EBITDA to align the accounting treatment for deferred turnaround costs from our refining and logistics investments with our accounting policy. Under this approach, we exclude our share of their turnaround expenses, which are recorded as period costs in their financial statements, and instead defer and amortize these costs on a straight-line basis over the period estimated until the next planned turnaround. This modification enhances consistency and comparability across reporting periods. Adjusted Gross Margin Adjusted Gross Margin is defined as Operating income (loss) excluding: • operating expense (excluding depreciation);• depreciation and amortization (“D&A”);• Par’s portion of interest, taxes, and D&A expense from refining and logistics investments;• impairment expense;• loss (gain) on sale of assets, net;• Par's portion of accounting policy differences from refining and logistics investments;• inventory valuation adjustment (which adjusts for timing differences to reflect the economics of our inventory financing agreements, including lower of cost or net realizable value adjustments, the impact of the embedded derivative repurchase or terminal obligations, hedge losses (gains) associated with our Washington ending inventory and intermediation obligation, purchase price allocation adjustments, and LIFO layer increment and decrement impacts associated with our Washington inventory);• Environmental obligation mark-to-market adjustments (which represents the mark-to-market losses (gains) associated with our net RINs liability and net obligation associated with the Washington CCA and Clean Fuel Standard); and• unrealized loss (gain) on derivatives.    The following tables present a reconciliation of Adjusted Gross Margin to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure, operating income (loss), on a historical basis, for selected segments, for the periods indicated (in thousands): Three months ended December 31, 2024Refining Logistics Retail Operating income (loss)$(65,399) $24,772 $19,477Operating expense (excluding depreciation) 114,706   3,829  21,358Depreciation and amortization 24,524   7,140  2,566Par's portion of interest, taxes, and depreciation and amortization expense from refining and logistics investments 456   1,101  —Inventory valuation adjustment 5,929   —  —Environmental obligation mark-to-market adjustments (937)  —  —Unrealized loss on commodity derivatives 9,220   —  —Par's portion of accounting policy differences from refining and logistics investments 3,856   —  —Loss on sale of assets, net 8   —  —Adjusted Gross Margin (1)$92,363  $36,842 $43,401           Three months ended December 31, 2023Refining Logistics Retail Operating income$174,038  $15,709 $14,594 Operating expense (excluding depreciation) 120,810   11,272  23,359 Depreciation and amortization 21,190   7,321  2,885 Par's portion of interest, taxes, and depreciation and amortization expense from refining and logistics investments 765   952  — Inventory valuation adjustment (24,089)  —  — Environmental obligation mark-to-market adjustments (15,672)  —  — Unrealized gain on commodity derivatives (50,024)  —  — Loss (gain) on sale of assets, net 219   —  (308)Adjusted Gross Margin (1) (2)$227,237  $35,254 $40,530             Year Ended December 31, 2024Refining Logistics RetailOperating income$17,412  $89,351 $64,800 Operating expense (excluding depreciation) 479,737   15,676  88,869 Depreciation and amortization 91,108   27,033  11,037 Par's portion of interest, taxes, and depreciation and amortization expense from refining and logistics investments 2,493   3,651  — Inventory valuation adjustment (490)  —  — Environmental obligation mark-to-market adjustments (19,136)  —  — Unrealized loss on commodity derivatives 43,281   —  — Par's portion of accounting policy differences from refining and logistics investments 3,856   —  — Loss (gain) on sale of assets, net 8   124  (10)Adjusted Gross Margin (1)$618,269  $135,835 $164,696             Year Ended December 31, 2023Refining Logistics RetailOperating income$676,161  $69,744 $56,603 Operating expense (excluding depreciation) 373,612   24,450  87,525 Depreciation and amortization 81,017   25,122  11,462 Par's portion of interest, taxes, and depreciation and amortization expense from refining and logistics investments 1,586   1,857  — Inventory valuation adjustment 102,710   —  — Environmental obligation mark-to-market adjustments (189,783)  —  — Unrealized gain on commodity derivatives (50,511)  —  — Loss (gain) on sale of assets, net 219   —  (308)Adjusted Gross Margin (1) (2)$995,011  $121,173 $155,282  _______________________________________ (1)For the three months and years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, there was no impairment expense in Operating income.(2)For the three months and year ended December 31, 2023, there was no impact in Operating income from accounting policy differences at our refining and logistics investments.   Adjusted Net Income (Loss) and Adjusted EBITDA Adjusted Net Income (Loss) is defined as Net income (loss) excluding: • inventory valuation adjustment (which adjusts for timing differences to reflect the economics of our inventory financing agreements, including lower of cost or net realizable value adjustments, the impact of the embedded derivative repurchase or terminal obligations, hedge losses (gains) associated with our Washington ending inventory and intermediation obligation, purchase price allocation adjustments, and LIFO layer increment and decrement impacts associated with our Washington inventory);• Environmental obligation mark-to-market adjustments (which represents the mark-to-market losses (gains) associated with our net RINs liability and net obligation associated with the Washington CCA and Clean Fuel Standard);• unrealized (gain) loss on derivatives;• acquisition and integration costs;• redevelopment and other costs related to Par West;• debt extinguishment and commitment costs;• increase in (release of) tax valuation allowance and other deferred tax items;• changes in the value of contingent consideration and common stock warrants;• severance costs and other non-operating expense (income);• (gain) loss on sale of assets;• impairment expense;• impairment expense associated with our investment in Laramie Energy;• Par’s share of equity (earnings) losses from Laramie Energy, LLC, excluding cash distributions; and• Par's portion of accounting policy differences from refining and logistics investments. Adjusted EBITDA is defined as Adjusted Net Income (Loss) excluding: • D&A;• interest expense and financing costs, net, excluding unrealized interest rate derivative loss (gain);• cash distributions from Laramie Energy, LLC to Par;• Par's portion of interest, taxes, and D&A expense from refining and logistics investments; and• income tax expense (benefit) excluding the increase in (release of) tax valuation allowance.    The following table presents a reconciliation of Adjusted Net Income (Loss) and Adjusted EBITDA to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure, net income (loss), on a historical basis for the periods indicated (in thousands):          Three Months Ended December 31, Year Ended December 31,  2024   2023   2024   2023 Net income (loss)$(55,695) $289,324  $(33,322) $728,642 Inventory valuation adjustment 5,929   (24,089)  (490)  102,710 Environmental obligation mark-to-market adjustments (937)  (15,672)  (19,136)  (189,783)Unrealized loss (gain) on derivatives 8,729   (48,539)  42,485   (49,690)Acquisition and integration costs 32   269   100   17,482 Par West redevelopment and other costs 3,500   2,907   12,548   11,397 Debt extinguishment and commitment costs 270   1,500   1,688   19,182 Changes in valuation allowance and other deferred tax items (1) (12,553)  (126,219)  (3,315)  (126,219)Severance costs and other non-operating expense (2) 154   100   14,802   1,785 Loss (gain) on sale of assets, net 108   (59)  222   (59)Equity (earnings) losses from Laramie Energy, LLC, excluding cash distributions 3,163   (14,279)  1,781   (14,279)Par's portion of accounting policy differences from refining and logistics investments 3,856   —   3,856   — Adjusted Net Income (Loss) (3) (4) (43,444)  65,243   21,219   501,168 Depreciation and amortization 34,911   31,943   131,590   119,830 Interest expense and financing costs, net, excluding unrealized interest rate derivative loss (gain) 21,564   18,991   83,589   71,629 Laramie Energy, LLC cash distributions to Par —   —   (1,485)  (10,706)Par's portion of interest, taxes, and depreciation and amortization expense from refining and logistics investments 1,557   1,717   6,144   3,443 Income tax expense (benefit) (3,639)  4,142   (2,381)  10,883 Adjusted EBITDA (3)$10,949  $122,036  $238,676  $696,247  _______________________________________ (1)For the three months and year ended December 31, 2024, we recognized a non-cash deferred tax benefit of $12.6 million and $3.3 million, respectively. This tax benefit is included in Income tax expense (benefit) on our consolidated statements of operations. For the three months and year ended December 31, 2023, we recognized a non-cash deferred tax benefit of $126.2 million primarily related to the release of a majority of the valuation allowance against our federal net deferred tax assets.(2)For the year ended December 31, 2024, we incurred $13.1 million of stock-based compensation expenses associated with accelerated vesting of equity awards and modification of vested equity awards related to our CEO transition and $0.8 million for a legal settlement unrelated to current operating activities.(3)For the three months and years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, there was no change in value of contingent consideration, change in value of common stock warrants, impairment expense, impairments associated with our investment in Laramie Energy, or our share of Laramie Energy’s asset impairment losses in excess of our basis difference. Please read the Non-GAAP Performance Measures discussion above for information regarding changes to the components of Adjusted Net Income (Loss) and Adjusted EBITDA made during the reporting periods.(4)For the three months and year ended December 31, 2023, there was no impact in Operating income from accounting policy differences at our refining and logistics investments.   The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted Adjusted Net Income (Loss) per share (in thousands, except per share amounts):  Three Months Ended December 31, Year Ended December 31,  2024   2023  2024  2023Adjusted Net Income (Loss)$(43,444) $65,243 $21,219 $501,168Plus: effect of convertible securities —   —  —  —Numerator for diluted income (loss) per common share$(43,444) $65,243 $21,219 $501,168        Basic weighted-average common stock shares outstanding 55,252   59,403  56,775  60,035Add dilutive effects of common stock equivalents (1) —   1,206  657  979Diluted weighted-average common stock shares outstanding 55,252   60,609  57,432  61,014        Basic Adjusted Net Income (Loss) per common share$(0.79) $1.10 $0.37 $8.35Diluted Adjusted Net Income (Loss) per common share$(0.79) $1.08 $0.37 $8.21 _______________________________________ (1)Entities with a net loss from continuing operations are prohibited from including potential common shares in the computation of diluted per share amounts. We have utilized the basic shares outstanding to calculate both basic and diluted Adjusted Net Loss per common share for the three months ended December 31, 2024.   Adjusted EBITDA by Segment Adjusted EBITDA by segment is defined as Operating income (loss) excluding: • D&A;• inventory valuation adjustment (which adjusts for timing differences to reflect the economics of our inventory financing agreements, including lower of cost or net realizable value adjustments, the impact of the embedded derivative repurchase or terminal obligations, hedge losses (gains) associated with our Washington ending inventory and intermediation obligation, purchase price allocation adjustments, and LIFO layer increment and decrement impacts associated with our Washington inventory);• Environmental obligation mark-to-market adjustments (which represents the mark-to-market losses (gains) associated with our net RINs liability and net obligation associated with the Washington CCA and Clean Fuel Standard);• unrealized (gain) loss on derivatives;• acquisition and integration costs;• redevelopment and other costs related to Par West;• severance costs and other non-operating expense (income);• (gain) loss on sale of assets;• impairment expense;• Par's portion of interest, taxes, and D&A expense from refining and logistics investments; and• Par's portion of accounting policy differences from refining and logistics investments.    Adjusted EBITDA by segment also includes Gain on curtailment of pension obligation and Other income (loss), net, which are presented below operating income (loss) on our condensed consolidated statements of operations. The following table presents a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA by segment to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure, operating income (loss) by segment, on a historical basis, for selected segments, for the periods indicated (in thousands):  Three Months Ended December 31, 2024 Refining Logistics Retail Corporate and OtherOperating income (loss) by segment$(65,399) $24,772 $19,477 $(25,809)Depreciation and amortization 24,524   7,140  2,566  681 Inventory valuation adjustment 5,929   —  —  — Environmental obligation mark-to-market adjustments (937)  —  —  — Unrealized loss on commodity derivatives 9,220   —  —  — Acquisition and integration costs —   —  —  32 Par West redevelopment and other costs —   —  —  3,500 Severance costs and other non-operating expense —   —  154  — Par's portion of accounting policy differences from refining and logistics investments 3,856   —  —  — Loss on sale of assets, net 8   —  —  100 Par's portion of interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization expense from refining and logistics investments 456   1,101  —  — Other loss, net —   —  —  (422)Adjusted EBITDA (1)$(22,343) $33,013 $22,197 $(21,918)                Three Months Ended December 31, 2023 Refining Logistics Retail Corporate and OtherOperating income (loss) by segment$174,038  $15,709 $14,594  $(29,043)Depreciation and amortization 21,190   7,321  2,885   547 Inventory valuation adjustment (24,089)  —  —   — Environmental obligation mark-to-market adjustments (15,672)  —  —   — Unrealized gain on commodity derivatives (50,024)  —  —   — Acquisition and integration costs —   —  —   269 Par West redevelopment and other costs —   —  —   2,907 Severance costs and other non-operating expenses 100   —  —   — Loss (gain) on sale of assets, net 219   —  (308)  30 Par's portion of interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization expense from refining and logistics investments 765   952  —   — Other loss, net —   —  —   (354)Adjusted EBITDA (1) (2)$106,527  $23,982 $17,171  $(25,644)                 Year Ended December 31, 2024 Refining Logistics Retail Corporate and OtherOperating income (loss) by segment$17,412  $89,351 $64,800  $(123,935)Depreciation and amortization 91,108   27,033  11,037   2,412 Inventory valuation adjustment (490)  —  —   — Environmental obligation mark-to-market adjustments (19,136)  —  —   — Unrealized loss on commodity derivatives 43,281   —  —   — Acquisition and integration costs —   —  —   100 Severance costs and other non-operating expenses 642   —  154   14,006 Par West redevelopment and other costs —   —  —   12,548 Par's portion of accounting policy differences from refining and logistics investments 3,856   —  —   — Loss (gain) on sale of assets, net 8   124  (10)  100 Par's portion of interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization expense from refining and logistics investments 2,493   3,651  —   — Other loss, net —   —  —   (1,869)Adjusted EBITDA (1)$139,174  $120,159 $75,981  $(96,638)                 Year Ended December 31, 2023 Refining Logistics Retail Corporate and OtherOperating income (loss) by segment$        676,161          $        69,744         $        56,603          $        (122,502)Depreciation and amortization         81,017                   25,122                  11,462                   2,229         Inventory valuation adjustment         102,710                   —                  —                   —         Environmental obligation mark-to-market adjustments         (189,783)          —                  —                   —         Unrealized gain on commodity derivatives         (50,511)          —                  —                   —         Acquisition and integration costs         —                   —                  —                   17,482         Severance costs and other non-operating expenses         100                   —                  580                   1,105         Par West redevelopment and other costs         —                   —                  —                   11,397         Loss (gain) on sale of assets, net         219                   —                  (308)          30         Par's portion of interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization expense from refining and logistics investments         1,586                   1,857                  —                   —         Other loss, net         —                   —                  —                   (53)Adjusted EBITDA (1) (2)$        621,499          $        96,723         $        68,337          $        (90,312) _______________________________________ (1)For the three months and years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, there was no change in value of contingent consideration, change in value of common stock warrants, impairment expense, impairments associated with our investment in Laramie Energy, or our share of Laramie Energy’s asset impairment losses in excess of our basis difference.(2)For the three months and year ended December 31, 2023, there was no impact in Operating income (loss) from accounting policy differences at our refining and logistics investments.   Laramie Energy Adjusted EBITDAX Adjusted EBITDAX is defined as net income (loss) excluding commodity derivative loss (gain), loss (gain) on settled derivative instruments, interest expense, gain on extinguishment of debt, non-cash preferred dividend, depreciation, depletion, amortization, and accretion, exploration and geological and geographical expense, bonus accrual, equity-based compensation expense, loss (gain) on disposal of assets, phantom units, and expired acreage (non-cash). We believe Adjusted EBITDAX is a useful supplemental financial measure to evaluate the economic and operational performance of exploration and production companies such as Laramie Energy. The following table presents a reconciliation of Laramie Energy’s Adjusted EBITDAX to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure, net income (loss) for the periods indicated (in thousands):  Three Months Ended December 31, Year Ended December 31,  2024   2023   2024   2023 Net income (loss)$(11,250) $42,538  $(15,546) $96,586 Commodity derivative (income) loss 4,766   (40,338)  (11,055)  (73,289)Loss on settled derivative instruments 389   1,594   14,609   161 Interest expense and loan fees 4,845   5,366   20,628   20,108 Gain on extinguishment of debt —   —   —   6,644 Non-cash preferred dividend —   —   —   2,910 Depreciation, depletion, amortization, and accretion 8,158   7,714   32,841   30,179 Phantom units 3,328   2,325   2,825   5,496 Loss (gain) on sale of assets, net —   —   (8)  307 Expired acreage (non-cash) 770   441   1,492   553 Total Adjusted EBITDAX (1)$11,006  $19,640  $45,786  $89,655  _______________________________________ (1)For the three months and years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, there was no exploration and geological and geographical expense, bonus accrual, or equity-based compensation expense.

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