Tradeweb Reports Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2024 Financial Results

NEW YORK--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Tradeweb Markets Inc. (Nasdaq: TW), a leading, global operator of electronic marketplaces for rates, credit, equities and money markets, today reported financial results for the fourth quarter and full year ended December 31, 2024. $463.3 million quarterly revenues increased 25.2% (25.5% on a constant currency basis) compared to prior year period $2.3 trillion average daily volume (“ADV”) for the quarter, an increase of 36.7% compared to prior year period; quarterly ADV records in U.S. government bonds, mortgages and global repurchase agreements; record 7.9% share of fully electronic U.S. high yield TRACE $159.9 million net income and $181.2 million adjusted net income for the quarter, increases of 54.2% and 19.2% respectively from prior year period 52.8% adjusted EBITDA margin and $244.7 million adjusted EBITDA for the quarter, compared to 53.0% and $195.9 million respectively for prior year period $0.66 diluted earnings per share (“Diluted EPS”) and $0.76 adjusted diluted earnings per share for the quarter $0.12 per share quarterly cash dividend declared, a 20.0% per share increase from prior year period Billy Hult, CEO of Tradeweb: "2024 was a banner year for Tradeweb, marking our 25th consecutive year of record annual revenues. This achievement reflects our commitment to growing our geographical footprint, entering new markets and client channels through organic and inorganic collaborations, and consistently delivering value to our clients. The year culminated with a strong fourth quarter, driven in part by a favorable market environment that created additional tailwinds for our global business. Our strong performance in the fourth quarter was highlighted by ADV records across money markets and rates, as well as record share of fully electronic U.S. high yield TRACE. We forged key partnerships in the fourth quarter, becoming the first strategic partner to Goldman Sachs for its GS DAP technology platform, and collaborating with the Tokyo Stock Exchange to provide institutional investors with better access to liquidity in Japanese ETFs. What’s more, we celebrated major milestones, such as the 10-year anniversary of our U.S. Credit platform and five years since the launch of portfolio trading in European Credit. We also continued to strengthen our global reach, appointing Enrico Bruni and Troy Dixon as Co-Heads of Global Markets in newly created leadership roles. As we close this remarkable year, I am energized by the opportunities ahead and look forward to collaborating with our clients to reach new heights in 2025.” SELECT FINANCIAL RESULTS 4Q24 4Q23 Change Constant Currency Change (1) (dollars in thousands except per share amounts)(Unaudited) GAAP Financial Measures Total revenue $ 463,344 $ 370,000 25.2 % 25.5 % Rates $ 240,192 $ 191,743 25.3 % 25.8 % Credit $ 113,572 $ 104,267 8.9 % 9.1 % Equities $ 28,749 $ 26,056 10.3 % 10.6 % Money Markets $ 44,258 $ 16,606 166.5 % 165.5 % Market Data $ 30,011 $ 25,908 15.8 % 15.9 % Other $ 6,562 $ 5,420 21.1 % 21.0 % Net income $ 159,942 $ 103,741 54.2 % Net income attributable to Tradeweb Markets Inc. (2) $ 142,210 $ 89,314 59.2 % Diluted EPS $ 0.66 $ 0.42 57.1 % Net income margin 34.5 % 28.0 % +648 bps Non-GAAP Financial Measures Adjusted EBITDA (1) $ 244,743 $ 195,943 24.9 % 25.0 % Adjusted EBITDA margin (1) 52.8 % 53.0 % -14 bps -20 bps Adjusted EBIT (1) $ 227,347 $ 180,957 25.6 % 25.8 % Adjusted EBIT margin (1) 49.1 % 48.9 % +16 bps +11 bps Adjusted Net Income (1) $ 181,183 $ 151,937 19.2 % 19.4 % Adjusted Diluted EPS (1) $ 0.76 $ 0.64 18.8 % 18.8 % (1) Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA margin, Adjusted EBIT, Adjusted EBIT margin, Adjusted Net Income, Adjusted Diluted EPS and constant currency change are non-GAAP financial measures. See "Non-GAAP Financial Measures" below and the attached schedules for additional information and reconciliations of such non-GAAP financial measures. (2) Represents net income less net income attributable to non-controlling interests. ADV (US $bn) (Unaudited) Asset Class Product 4Q24 4Q23 YoY Rates Cash $ 509 $ 398 27.9 % Derivatives 744 690 7.9 % Total 1,253 1,087 15.2 % Credit Cash 15 14 3.2 % Derivatives 13 10 27.9 % Total 27 24 13.3 % Equities Cash 11 11 1.9 % Derivatives 12 12 (1.4 )% Total 24 24 0.1 % Money Markets Cash 988 541 82.5 % Total 988 541 82.5 % Total $ 2,292 $ 1,677 36.7 % DISCUSSION OF RESULTS: FOURTH QUARTER 2024 Rates – Revenues of $240.2 million in the fourth quarter of 2024 increased 25.3% compared to prior year period (increased 25.8% on a constant currency basis). Rates ADV was up 15.2% from prior year period, driven by record ADV in U.S. government bonds and mortgages, as well as strong year-over-year growth in swaps/swaptions < 1-year. The addition of r8fin continued to contribute to wholesale volumes. European government bonds reported a 18.6% ADV increase from prior year period, driven by increased client adoption of our diverse trading protocols. Mortgages reached record ADV, up 22.0% from prior year period, driven by strong specified pool volumes and to-be-announced ("TBA") volumes, which were largely supported by elevated roll trading activity. Credit – Revenues of $113.6 million in the fourth quarter of 2024 increased 8.9% compared to prior year period (increased 9.1% on a constant currency basis). Credit ADV was up 13.3% from prior year period, driven by strong activity in credit derivatives and U.S. credit volumes, including record ADV in fully electronic U.S. high yield credit. U.S. credit ADV was up 23.7% from prior year period, reflecting continued client adoption across Tradeweb products and protocols, including request-for-quote ("RFQ"), Tradeweb AllTrade® and portfolio trading. European Credit ADV was up 11.6% from prior year period, driven by robust activity across a wide range of protocols including Tradeweb's Automated Intelligent Execution tool ("AiEX"), Tradeweb AllTrade® and our unique dealer selection tool, SNAP IOI. We reported 18.3% share of fully electronic U.S. high grade TRACE, up 102 basis points (bps) from prior year period, and a record 7.9% share of fully electronic U.S. high yield TRACE, up 120 bps from prior year period. Equities – Revenues of $28.7 million in the fourth quarter of 2024 increased 10.3% compared to prior year period (increased 10.6% on a constant currency basis). Equities ADV remained relatively flat, up 0.1% from prior year period. Volumes were driven by higher European ETF volumes and an increased number of clients utilizing our RFQ offering. Money Markets – Revenues of $44.3 million in the fourth quarter of 2024 increased 166.5% compared to prior year period (increased 165.5% on a constant currency basis). Money Markets ADV was up 82.5% from prior year period, primarily driven by contributions from the August 1, 2024 acquisition of ICD and record ADV in global repurchase agreements, which was led by increased client activity across the platform. Market Data – Revenues of $30.0 million in the fourth quarter of 2024 increased 15.8% compared to prior year period (increased 15.9% on a constant currency basis). The increase was derived primarily from increased LSEG market data fees from our market data agreement that was amended effective as of November 1, 2023, as well as an increase in proprietary third party market data revenue. Other – Revenues of $6.6 million in the fourth quarter of 2024 increased 21.1% compared to prior year period (increased 21.0% on a constant currency basis). Operating Expenses of $274.8 million in the fourth quarter of 2024 increased 20.3% compared to $228.4 million in the prior year period, primarily due to an increase in employee compensation and benefits as a result of increases in headcount to support our continued growth and an increase in incentive compensation expense tied to our financial performance, an increase in depreciation and amortization expense primarily related to the assets acquired in connection with the 2024 acquisitions of ICD and r8fin and an increase in technology and communication expense due to continued investment in our data strategy and infrastructure and increased clearance and data fees driven primarily by higher trading volumes from prior year period. Given the strong environment to invest for long-term growth, during the fourth quarter of 2024, we also accelerated certain discretionary investments in marketing, consulting, digital assets and client relationship development. Adjusted Expenses of $236.0 million in the fourth quarter of 2024 increased 24.8% (increased 25.2% on a constant currency basis) compared to prior year period primarily due to an increase in employee compensation and benefits as a result of increases in headcount to support our continued growth and an increase in incentive compensation expense tied to our financial performance and an increase in technology and communication expense due to continued investment in our data strategy and infrastructure and increased clearance and data fees driven primarily by higher trading volumes from prior year period. Given the strong environment to invest for long-term growth, during the fourth quarter of 2024, we also accelerated certain discretionary investments in marketing, consulting, digital assets and client relationship development. Please see "Non-GAAP Financial Measures" below for additional information. DISCUSSION OF RESULTS: FULL-YEAR 2024 Tradeweb recorded its 25th consecutive year of record annual revenues for the year ended December 31, 2024, as total revenues increased 29.0% (the same on a constant currency basis) to $1.7 billion compared to full year 2023. Revenue was driven by ADV of more than $2.2 trillion and record ADV activity in each of the following: U.S. government bonds, European government bonds, swaps/swaptions ≥ 1-year and mortgages, as well as record ADV in and share of fully electronic U.S. high grade credit. Net income increased 35.9% to $570.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared to $419.5 million in 2023. Adjusted EBITDA margin increased to 53.3% for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to 52.4% in 2023, representing an increase of 91 bps from prior year period (+80 bps on a constant currency basis). Diluted EPS increased 36.3% from prior year period to $2.33 for the year ended December 31, 2024. Adjusted Diluted EPS increased 29.2% from prior year period to $2.92 for the year ended December 31, 2024. RECENT HIGHLIGHTS January 2025 The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) approved the registration of Tradeweb's swap execution facility, TW SEF LLC, as a security-based swap execution facility (SBSEF) under the SEC's new Regulation SE. Fourth Quarter 2024 Appointed Enrico Bruni and Troy Dixon to the newly-created roles of Co-Heads of Global Markets, effective January 2025. Announced Tradeweb's collaboration with Tokyo Stock Exchange ("TSE") to offer institutional investors enhanced access to liquidity in Japanese ETFs. Celebrated the 10-year anniversary of the launch of Tradeweb's U.S. Credit platform and the five-year anniversary of the launch of portfolio trading in European Credit. Announced that Tradeweb FTSE benchmark closing prices for U.S. Treasuries, UK Gilts and European Government Bonds will be included in FTSE Russell's premiere World Government Bond Index ("WGBI"). Became the first strategic partner for Goldman Sachs' GS DAP platform, introducing our trading and liquidity capabilities across fixed income to help bring new commercial use cases to GS DAP. Recognized in numerous awards celebrating our company, as well as our outstanding and diverse talent, including: America's Best Companies 2025 (Forbes); European Women in Finance Awards, Excellence in Trading Platforms - Alessandra Stagliano (Markets Media); U.S. Women in Finance Awards, Rising Star - Bridget Silver (Markets Media); U.S. Women in Finance Awards, CFO of the Year - Sara Furber (Markets Media); 100 Most Influential Women in European Finance - Nawel Khelil (Financial News); RFQ Platform of the Year, ETF Stream Awards (ETF Stream) CAPITAL MANAGEMENT $1.3 billion in cash and cash equivalents and an undrawn $500.0 million credit facility at December 31, 2024 Cash capital expenditures and capitalized software development in the fourth quarter 2024 of $38.0 million and $88.9 million in full-year 2024 Free cash flow for the year ended December 31, 2024 of $808.9 million, up 18.2% compared to prior year period. See “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for additional information During the year ended December 31, 2024, as part of its share repurchase program, Tradeweb purchased a total of 478,915 shares of Class A common stock, at an average price of $125.07, for purchases totaling $59.9 million. During the fourth quarter of 2024, Tradeweb purchased a total of 264,120 shares of Class A common stock, at an average price of $132.11, for purchases totaling $34.9 million. As of December 31, 2024, a total of $179.9 million remained available for repurchase pursuant to the current share repurchase program authorization $1.6 million in shares of Class A common stock were withheld in the fourth quarter of 2024 and $48.0 million in shares of Class A common stock were withheld in the full-year 2024 to satisfy tax obligations related to the exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock units and performance-based restricted stock units held by employees The Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.12 per share of Class A common stock and Class B common stock, a 20.0% per share increase from prior year. This dividend will be payable on March 17, 2025 to stockholders of record as of March 3, 2025 OTHER MATTERS Full-Year 2025 Guidance* Adjusted Expenses: $970 - 1,030 million Acquisition and Refinitiv Transaction related depreciation and amortization expense: $176 million Assumed non-GAAP tax rate: ~24.5% - 25.5% Cash capital expenditures and capitalized software development: ~ $99 - 109 million LSEG Market Data Contract Revenue: ~$90 million LSEG Market Data Contract Revenue guidance is unchanged from the prior quarter guidance. *GAAP operating expenses and tax rate guidance are not provided due to the inherent difficulty in quantifying certain amounts due to a variety of factors including the unpredictability in the movement of foreign currency rates. Expense guidance assumes an average 2025 Sterling/US$ foreign exchange rate of 1.28. CONFERENCE CALL Tradeweb Markets will hold a conference call to discuss fourth quarter and full year 2024 results starting at 9:30 AM EST today, February 6, 2025. A live, audio webcast of the conference call along with related presentation materials will be available at https://investors.tradeweb.com/events-and-presentations. To join the call via audio webcast, click here: https://edge.media-server.com/mmc/p/cw4zesjo/ To join the call via phone, please register in advance here: https://register.vevent.com/register/BI82aeb5b6b0af4127af700cf95f163d3b. Registered participants will receive an email confirmation with a unique PIN to access the conference call. An archived recording of the call will be available afterward at https://investors.tradeweb.com. ABOUT TRADEWEB MARKETS Tradeweb Markets Inc. (Nasdaq: TW) is a leading, global operator of electronic marketplaces for rates, credit, equities and money markets. Founded in 1996, Tradeweb provides access to markets, data and analytics, electronic trading, straight-through-processing and reporting for more than 50 products to clients in the institutional, wholesale, retail and corporates markets. Advanced technologies developed by Tradeweb enhance price discovery, order execution and trade workflows while allowing for greater scale and helping to reduce risks in client trading operations. Tradeweb serves more than 3,000 clients in more than 85 countries. On average, Tradeweb facilitated more than $2.2 trillion in notional value traded per day over the past four fiscal quarters. For more information, please go to www.tradeweb.com. TRADEWEB MARKETS INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (UNAUDITED) Quarter Ended December 31, Year Ended December 31, 2024 2023 2024 2023 Revenues (dollars in thousands, except per share amounts) Transaction fees and commissions $ 384,128 $ 301,800 $ 1,423,547 $ 1,078,344 Subscription fees 55,026 47,489 206,659 183,972 LSEG market data fees 20,552 17,821 82,145 64,336 Other 3,638 2,890 13,598 11,567 Total revenue 463,344 370,000 1,725,949 1,338,219 Expenses Employee compensation and benefits 152,206 125,872 592,690 460,305 Depreciation and amortization 62,854 47,500 219,999 185,350 Technology and communications 28,728 21,505 98,568 77,506 General and administrative 12,291 19,803 56,317 51,495 Professional fees 13,574 10,043 60,132 42,364 Occupancy 5,151 3,647 20,215 15,930 Total expenses 274,804 228,370 1,047,921 832,950 Operating income 188,540 141,630 678,028 505,269 Tax receivable agreement liability adjustment 8,600 (9,517 ) 7,730 (9,517 ) Interest income 14,803 20,952 74,037 67,397 Interest expense (573 ) (667 ) (4,279 ) (2,047 ) Other income (loss), net (1,124 ) (11,100 ) (1,114 ) (13,122 ) Income before taxes 210,246 141,298 754,402 547,980 Provision for income taxes (50,304 ) (37,557 ) (184,439 ) (128,477 ) Net income 159,942 103,741 569,963 419,503 Less: Net income attributable to non-controlling interests 17,732 14,427 68,456 54,637 Net income attributable to Tradeweb Markets Inc. $ 142,210 $ 89,314 $ 501,507 $ 364,866 Earnings per share attributable to Tradeweb Markets Inc. Class A and B common stockholders: Basic $ 0.67 $ 0.42 $ 2.35 $ 1.73 Diluted $ 0.66 $ 0.42 $ 2.33 $ 1.71 Weighted average shares outstanding: Basic 213,039,958 211,843,460 213,030,056 210,796,802 Diluted 215,043,352 213,833,001 214,924,763 212,668,808 TRADEWEB MARKETS INC. RECONCILIATION OF NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES (UNAUDITED) Reconciliation of Net Income to Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA Margin, Adjusted EBIT and Adjusted EBIT Margin Quarter Ended December 31, Year Ended December 31, 2024 2023 2024 2023 (dollars in thousands) Net income $ 159,942 $ 103,741 $ 569,963 $ 419,503 Merger and acquisition transaction and integration costs (1) 1,071 1,631 22,823 8,042 Interest income (14,803 ) (20,952 ) (74,037 ) (67,397 ) Interest expense 573 667 4,279 2,047 Depreciation and amortization 62,854 47,500 219,999 185,350 Stock-based compensation expense (2) 701 987 6,096 2,947 Provision for income taxes 50,304 37,557 184,439 128,477 Foreign exchange (gains) / losses (3) (8,423 ) 4,195 (6,326 ) (47 ) Tax receivable agreement liability adjustment (4) (8,600 ) 9,517 (7,730 ) 9,517 Other (income) loss, net 1,124 11,100 1,114 13,122 Adjusted EBITDA $ 244,743 $ 195,943 $ 920,620 $ 701,561 Less: Depreciation and amortization (62,854 ) (47,500 ) (219,999 ) (185,350 ) Add: D&A related to acquisitions and the Refinitiv Transaction (5) 45,458 32,514 156,489 127,731 Adjusted EBIT $ 227,347 $ 180,957 $ 857,110 $ 643,942 Net income margin (6) 34.5 % 28.0 % 33.0 % 31.3 % Adjusted EBITDA margin (6) 52.8 % 53.0 % 53.3 % 52.4 % Adjusted EBIT margin (6) 49.1 % 48.9 % 49.7 % 48.1 % (1) Represents incremental direct costs associated with the acquisition and integration of completed and potential mergers and acquisitions. These costs generally include legal, consulting, advisory, due diligence, severance and certain other transaction expenses and third party costs incurred that directly relate to the acquisition transaction or its integration. (2) Represents non-cash stock-based compensation expense associated with the Special Option Award and post-IPO options awarded in 2019 and payroll taxes associated with the exercise of such options. During the quarter ended and year ended December 31, 2024, this adjustment also includes none and $2.7 million, respectively, of non-cash accelerated stock-based compensation expense and related payroll taxes associated with our former President and $0.6 million and $1.0 million, respectively, of non-cash stock-based compensation expense and related payroll taxes associated with RSAs and RSUs issued to help retain key ICD employees during the integration of ICD. (3) Represents unrealized gain or loss recognized on foreign currency forward contracts and foreign exchange gain or loss from the revaluation of cash denominated in a different currency than the entity’s functional currency. (4) Represents income recognized during the applicable period due to changes in the tax receivable agreement liability recorded in the consolidated statement of financial condition as a result of, as applicable, changes in the mix of earnings, tax legislation and tax rates in various jurisdictions which impacted our tax savings. (5) Represents intangible asset and acquired software amortization resulting from acquisitions and intangible asset amortization and increased tangible asset and capitalized software depreciation and amortization resulting from the application of pushdown accounting to the Refinitiv Transaction (where all assets were marked to fair value as of the closing date of the Refinitiv Transaction). (6) Net income margin, Adjusted EBITDA margin and Adjusted EBIT margin are defined as net income, Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBIT, respectively, divided by revenue for the applicable period. Reconciliation of Net Income to Adjusted Net Income and Adjusted Diluted EPS Quarter Ended December 31, Year Ended December 31, 2024 2023 2024 2023 (dollars in thousands, except per share amounts) Earnings per diluted share $ 0.66 $ 0.42 $ 2.33 $ 1.71 Net income attributable to Tradeweb Markets Inc. $ 142,210 $ 89,314 $ 501,507 $ 364,866 Net income attributable to non-controlling interests (1) 17,732 14,427 68,456 54,637 Net income 159,942 103,741 569,963 419,503 Provision for income taxes 50,304 37,557 184,439 128,477 Merger and acquisition transaction and integration costs (2) 1,071 1,631 22,823 8,042 D&A related to acquisitions and the Refinitiv Transaction (3) 45,458 32,514 156,489 127,731 Stock-based compensation expense (4) 701 987 6,096 2,947 Foreign exchange (gains) / losses (5) (8,423 ) 4,195 (6,326 ) (47 ) Tax receivable agreement liability adjustment (6) (8,600 ) 9,517 (7,730 ) 9,517 Other (income) loss, net 1,124 11,100 1,114 13,122 Adjusted Net Income before income taxes 241,577 201,242 926,868 709,292 Adjusted income taxes (7) (60,394 ) (49,305 ) (231,717 ) (173,777 ) Adjusted Net Income $ 181,183 $ 151,937 $ 695,151 $ 535,515 Adjusted Diluted EPS (8) $ 0.76 $ 0.64 $ 2.92 $ 2.26 (1) Represents the reallocation of net income attributable to non-controlling interests from the assumed exchange of all outstanding LLC Interests held by non-controlling interests for shares of Class A or Class B common stock. (2) Represents incremental direct costs associated with the acquisition and integration of completed and potential mergers and acquisitions. These costs generally include legal, consulting, advisory, due diligence, severance and certain other transaction expenses and third party costs incurred that directly relate to the acquisition transaction or its integration. (3) Represents intangible asset and acquired software amortization resulting from acquisitions and intangible asset amortization and increased tangible asset and capitalized software depreciation and amortization resulting from the application of pushdown accounting to the Refinitiv Transaction (where all assets were marked to fair value as of the closing date of the Refinitiv Transaction). (4) Represents non-cash stock-based compensation expense associated with the Special Option Award and post-IPO options awarded in 2019 and payroll taxes associated with the exercise of such options. During the quarter ended and year ended December 31, 2024, this adjustment also includes none and $2.7 million, respectively, of non-cash accelerated stock-based compensation expense and related payroll taxes associated with our former President and $0.6 million and $1.0 million, respectively, of non-cash stock-based compensation expense and related payroll taxes associated with RSAs and RSUs issued to help retain key ICD employees during the integration of ICD. (5) Represents unrealized gain or loss recognized on foreign currency forward contracts and foreign exchange gain or loss from the revaluation of cash denominated in a different currency than the entity’s functional currency. (6) Represents income recognized during the applicable period due to changes in the tax receivable agreement liability recorded in the consolidated statement of financial condition as a result of, as applicable, changes in the mix of earnings, tax legislation and tax rates in various jurisdictions which impacted our tax savings. (7) Represents corporate income taxes at an assumed effective tax rate of 25.0% applied to Adjusted Net Income before income taxes for the quarter and year ended December 31, 2024 and 24.5% for the quarter and year ended December 31, 2023. (8) For a summary of the calculation of Adjusted Diluted EPS, see “Reconciliation of Diluted Weighted Average Shares Outstanding to Adjusted Diluted Weighted Average Shares Outstanding and Adjusted Diluted EPS” below. The following table summarizes the calculation of Adjusted Diluted EPS for the periods presented: Reconciliation of Diluted Weighted Average Shares Outstanding to Adjusted Diluted Weighted Average Shares Outstanding and Adjusted Diluted EPS Quarter Ended December 31, Year Ended December 31, 2024 2023 2024 2023 Diluted weighted average shares of Class A and Class B common stock outstanding 215,043,352 213,833,001 214,924,763 212,668,808 Weighted average of other participating securities (1) 249,907 281,059 165,565 270,249 Assumed exchange of LLC Interests for shares of Class A or Class B common stock (2) 23,073,616 23,079,809 23,076,373 23,902,379 Adjusted diluted weighted average shares outstanding 238,366,875 237,193,869 238,166,701 236,841,436 Adjusted Net Income (in thousands) $ 181,183 $ 151,937 $ 695,151 $ 535,515 Adjusted Diluted EPS $ 0.76 $ 0.64 $ 2.92 $ 2.26 (1) Represents the weighted average of unvested stock awards and unsettled vested stock awards issued to certain retired or terminated employees that are entitled to non-forfeitable dividend equivalent rights and are considered participating securities prior to being issued and outstanding shares of common stock in accordance with the two-class method used for purposes of calculating earnings per share. (2) Assumes the full exchange of the weighted average of all outstanding LLC Interests held by non-controlling interests for shares of Class A or Class B common stock, resulting in the elimination of the non-controlling interests and recognition of the net income attributable to non-controlling interests. Reconciliation of Operating Expenses to Adjusted Expenses Quarter Ended December 31, Year Ended December 31, 2024 2023 2024 2023 (dollars in thousands) Operating expenses $ 274,804 $ 228,370 $ 1,047,921 $ 832,950 Merger and acquisition transaction and integration costs (1) (1,071 ) (1,631 ) (22,823 ) (8,042 ) D&A related to acquisitions and the Refinitiv Transaction (2) (45,458 ) (32,514 ) (156,489 ) (127,731 ) Stock-based compensation expense (3) (701 ) (987 ) (6,096 ) (2,947 ) Foreign exchange gains / (losses) (4) 8,423 (4,195 ) 6,326 47 Adjusted Expenses $ 235,997 $ 189,043 $ 868,839 $ 694,277 (1) Represents incremental direct costs associated with the acquisition and integration of completed and potential mergers and acquisitions. These costs generally include legal, consulting, advisory, due diligence, severance and certain other transaction expenses and third party costs incurred that directly relate to the acquisition transaction or its integration. (2) Represents intangible asset and acquired software amortization resulting from acquisitions and intangible asset amortization and increased tangible asset and capitalized software depreciation and amortization resulting from the application of pushdown accounting to the Refinitiv Transaction (where all assets were marked to fair value as of the closing date of the Refinitiv Transaction). (3) Represents non-cash stock-based compensation expense associated with the Special Option Award and post-IPO options awarded in 2019 and payroll taxes associated with the exercise of such options. During the quarter ended and year ended December 31, 2024, this adjustment also includes none and $2.7 million, respectively, of non-cash accelerated stock-based compensation expense and related payroll taxes associated with our former President and $0.6 million and $1.0 million, respectively, of non-cash stock-based compensation expense and related payroll taxes associated with RSAs and RSUs issued to help retain key ICD employees during the integration of ICD. (4) Represents unrealized gain or loss recognized on foreign currency forward contracts and foreign exchange gain or loss from the revaluation of cash denominated in a different currency than the entity’s functional currency. Year Ended December 31, Reconciliation of Cash Flow from Operating Activities to Free Cash Flow 2024 2023 (dollars in thousands) Cash flow from operating activities $ 897,741 $ 746,089 Less: Capitalization of software development costs (47,909 ) (43,235 ) Less: Purchases of furniture, equipment and leasehold improvements (40,960 ) (18,529 ) Free Cash Flow $ 808,872 $ 684,325 TRADEWEB MARKETS INC. BASIC AND DILUTED EPS CALCULATIONS (UNAUDITED) The following table summarizes the basic and diluted earnings per share calculations for Tradeweb Markets Inc.: EPS: Net income attributable to Tradeweb Markets Inc. Quarter Ended December 31, Year Ended December 31, 2024 2023 2024 2023 (dollars in thousands, except per share amounts) Numerator: Net income attributable to Tradeweb Markets Inc. $ 142,210 $ 89,314 $ 501,507 $ 364,866 Less: Distributed and undistributed earnings allocated to participating securities (1) (167 ) (118 ) (389 ) (467 ) Net income attributable to outstanding shares of Class A and Class B common stock - Basic and Diluted $ 142,043 $ 89,196 $ 501,118 $ 364,399 Denominator: Weighted average shares of Class A and Class B common stock outstanding - Basic 213,039,958 211,843,460 213,030,056 210,796,802 Dilutive effect of PRSUs 661,696 691,150 589,171 458,343 Dilutive effect of options 303,253 877,866 428,926 1,150,159 Dilutive effect of RSUs and RSAs 561,703 394,812 415,957 257,076 Dilutive effect of PSUs 476,742 25,713 460,653 6,428 Weighted average shares of Class A and Class B common stock outstanding - Diluted 215,043,352 213,833,001 214,924,763 212,668,808 Earnings per share - Basic $ 0.67 $ 0.42 $ 2.35 $ 1.73 Earnings per share - Diluted $ 0.66 $ 0.42 $ 2.33 $ 1.71 (1) During the quarters ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, there was a total of 249,907 and 281,059, respectively, and during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, there was a total of 165,565 and 270,249, respectively, weighted average unvested or unsettled vested stock awards that were considered a participating security for purposes of calculating earnings per share in accordance with the two-class method. TRADEWEB MARKETS INC. REVENUES BY ASSET CLASS (UNAUDITED) Quarter Ended Quarter Ended Year Ended Year Ended December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 Revenues Variable Fixed Variable Fixed Variable Fixed Variable Fixed (dollars in thousands) Rates $ 175,407 $ 64,785 $ 132,248 $ 59,495 $ 660,438 $ 244,500 $ 462,132 $ 233,302 Credit 103,377 10,195 96,799 7,468 423,708 35,332 338,981 28,413 Equities 26,470 2,279 23,673 2,383 94,964 9,220 86,003 9,292 Money Markets 40,030 4,228 12,448 4,158 98,216 17,004 45,830 17,180 Market Data 89 29,922 108 25,800 457 117,563 268 93,806 Other 468 6,094 — 5,420 981 23,566 — 23,012 Total revenue $ 345,841 $ 117,503 $ 265,276 $ 104,724 $ 1,278,764 $ 447,185 $ 933,214 $ 405,005 TRADEWEB MARKETS INC. AVERAGE VARIABLE FEES PER MILLION DOLLARS OF VOLUME (UNAUDITED) Quarter Ended December 31, YoY 2024 2023 % Change Rates $ 2.23 $ 1.95 14.5 % Rates Cash $ 2.37 $ 2.47 (4.2 )% Rates Derivatives $ 2.14 $ 1.66 29.1 % Rates Derivatives (greater than 1 year) $ 3.65 $ 2.36 54.6 % Other Rates Derivatives (1) $ 0.23 $ 0.21 9.4 % Credit $ 60.36 $ 64.64 (6.6 )% Cash Credit (2) $ 148.07 $ 168.34 (12.0 )% Credit Derivatives, China Bonds and U.S. Cash EP $ 7.98 $ 7.90 1.0 % Equities $ 17.56 $ 15.97 9.9 % Equities Cash $ 29.00 $ 27.92 3.9 % Equities Derivatives $ 7.07 $ 5.38 31.4 % Money Markets $ 0.57 $ 0.37 54.8 % Total $ 2.28 $ 2.54 (10.4 )% Total excluding Other Rates Derivatives (3) $ 2.60 $ 2.91 (10.7 )% (1) Includes Swaps/Swaptions of tenor less than 1 year and Rates Futures. (2) The “Cash Credit” category represents the “Credit” asset class excluding (1) Credit Derivatives (2) China Bonds and (3) U.S. High Grade and High Yield electronically processed (“EP”) activity. (3) Included to contextualize the impact of short-tenored Swaps/Swaptions and Rates Futures on totals for all periods presented. TRADEWEB MARKETS INC. AVERAGE DAILY VOLUME (UNAUDITED) (1) 2024 Q4 2023 Q4 YoY Asset Class Product ADV (USD mm) Volume (USD mm) ADV (USD mm) Volume (USD mm) ADV Rates Cash $ 508,863 $ 31,654,127 $ 397,946 $ 24,713,727 27.87 % U.S. Government Bonds 224,928 13,945,561 162,335 10,064,801 38.56 % European Government Bonds 48,016 3,073,052 40,491 2,550,927 18.59 % Mortgages 226,707 14,055,856 185,883 11,524,751 21.96 % Other Government Bonds 9,211 579,657 9,236 573,248 (0.27 )% Derivatives 744,189 46,916,987 689,543 43,033,453 7.92 % Swaps/Swaptions ≥ 1Y 416,896 26,248,749 459,943 28,695,380 (9.36 )% Swaps/Swaptions < 1Y 320,517 20,205,645 226,131 14,121,397 41.74 % Futures 6,776 462,593 3,469 216,676 95.37 % Total 1,253,052 78,571,114 1,087,489 67,747,180 15.22 % Credit Cash 14,751 919,420 14,291 882,253 3.22 % U.S. High Grade - Fully Electronic 6,481 401,793 5,134 318,320 26.22 % U.S. High Grade - Electronically Processed 3,116 193,168 2,500 154,994 24.63 % U.S. High Yield - Fully Electronic 794 49,248 642 39,825 23.66 % U.S. High Yield - Electronically Processed 219 13,598 300 18,620 (26.97 )% European Credit 2,280 145,902 2,044 128,744 11.56 % Municipal Bonds 421 26,113 454 28,175 (7.32 )% Chinese Bonds 1,166 72,276 2,984 179,032 (60.93 )% Other Credit Bonds 275 17,322 232 14,544 18.51 % Derivatives 12,613 793,229 9,864 615,208 27.87 % Swaps 12,613 793,229 9,864 615,208 27.87 % Total 27,364 1,712,648 24,154 1,497,461 13.29 % Equities Cash 11,263 720,851 11,054 696,386 1.90 % U.S. ETFs 8,103 518,579 8,308 523,379 (2.47 )% European ETFs 3,161 202,272 2,746 173,007 15.09 % Derivatives 12,295 786,854 12,474 785,845 (1.44 )% Convertibles/Swaps/Options 8,906 570,007 8,495 535,199 4.84 % Futures 3,388 216,847 3,979 250,646 (14.84 )% Total 23,558 1,507,705 23,527 1,482,230 0.13 % Money Markets Cash 988,081 69,906,820 541,367 33,641,259 82.52 % Repurchase Agreements (Repo) 687,695 42,873,437 524,267 32,578,498 31.17 % Other Money Markets 300,386 27,033,383 17,100 1,062,761 1656.68 % Total 988,081 69,906,820 541,367 33,641,259 82.52 % ADV (USD mm) Volume (USD mm) ADV (USD mm) Volume (USD mm) YoY Total $ 2,292,055 $ 151,698,287 $ 1,676,537 $ 104,368,131 36.70 % (1) We acquired Yieldbroker, r8fin and ICD on August 31, 2023, January 19, 2024 and August 1, 2024, respectively. Total volume reported includes volumes from each acquired business subsequent to the closing date of the applicable acquisition. To access historical traded volumes, go to https://www.tradeweb.com/newsroom/monthly-activity-reports/. BASIS OF PRESENTATION Tradeweb Markets Inc. (unless the context otherwise requires, together with its subsidiaries, referred to as “we,” “our,” “Tradeweb,” “Tradeweb Markets” or the “Company”) closed its IPO on April 8, 2019. As a result of certain reorganization transactions (the “Reorganization Transactions”) completed in connection with the IPO, on April 4, 2019, Tradeweb Markets Inc. became a holding company whose principal assets consist of its direct and indirect equity interest in Tradeweb Markets LLC (“TWM LLC”) and related deferred tax assets. As the sole manager of TWM LLC, Tradeweb Markets Inc. operates and controls all of the business and affairs of TWM LLC and, through TWM LLC and its subsidiaries, conducts its business. As a result of this control, and because Tradeweb Markets Inc. has a substantial financial interest in TWM LLC, Tradeweb Markets Inc. consolidates the financial results of TWM LLC and its subsidiaries. Numerical figures included in this release have been subject to rounding adjustments and as a result totals may not be the arithmetic aggregation of the amounts that precede them and figures expressed as percentages may not total 100%. Please refer to the Company's previously filed Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Annual Report on Form 10-K for capitalized terms not otherwise defined herein. UNAUDITED INTERIM AND FULL YEAR RESULTS The interim and full year financial results presented herein for the three months and the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 are unaudited. FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS This release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws. Statements related to, among other things, our guidance, including full-year 2025 guidance and full-year 2025 revenue guidance related to the LSEG market data license agreement, pending and completed acquisitions, future performance, the industry and markets in which we operate, our expectations, beliefs, plans, strategies, objectives, prospects and assumptions and future events are forward-looking statements. We have based these forward-looking statements on our current expectations, assumptions, estimates and projections. While we believe these expectations, assumptions, estimates and projections are reasonable, such forward-looking statements are only predictions and involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control. These and other important factors, including those discussed under the heading “Risk Factors” in the documents of Tradeweb Markets Inc. on file with or furnished to the SEC, may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Given these risks and uncertainties, you are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements contained in this release are not guarantees of future events or performance and future events, our actual results of operations, financial condition or liquidity, and the development of the industry and markets in which we operate, may differ materially from the forward-looking statements contained in this release. In addition, even if future events, our results of operations, financial condition, or liquidity, and events in the industry and markets in which we operate, are consistent with the forward-looking statements contained in this release, they may not be predictive of events, results or developments in future periods. Any forward-looking statement that we make in this release speaks only as of the date of such statement. Except as required by law, we do not undertake any obligation to update or revise, or to publicly announce any update or revision to, any of the forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, after the date of this release. NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES This release contains “non-GAAP financial measures,” including Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA margin, Adjusted EBIT, Adjusted EBIT margin, Adjusted Net Income, Adjusted Net Income per diluted share ("Adjusted Diluted EPS"), Adjusted Expenses, Free Cash Flow and constant currency change, which are supplemental financial measures that are not calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP. We make use of non-GAAP financial measures in evaluating our past results and future prospects. We present these non-GAAP financial measures because we believe they assist investors and analysts in comparing our operating performance across reporting periods on a consistent basis by excluding items that we do not believe are indicative of our core operating performance. Management and our board of directors use Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA margin, Adjusted EBIT and Adjusted EBIT margin to assess our financial performance and believe they are helpful in highlighting trends in our core operating performance, while other measures can differ significantly depending on long-term strategic decisions regarding capital structure, the tax jurisdictions in which we operate and capital investments. Further, our executive incentive compensation is based in part on components of Adjusted EBITDA. We use Adjusted Net Income and Adjusted Diluted EPS as supplemental metrics to evaluate our business performance in a way that also considers our ability to generate profit without the impact of certain items. Each of the normal recurring adjustments and other adjustments included in Adjusted Net Income and Adjusted Diluted EPS help to provide management with a measure of our operating performance over time by removing items that are not related to day-to-day operations or are non-cash expenses. We use Adjusted Expenses as a supplemental metric to evaluate our underlying operating performance over time by removing items that are not related to day-to-day operations or are non-cash expenses. We use Free Cash Flow to assess our liquidity in a way that considers the amount of cash generated from our core operations after non-acquisition related expenditures for capitalized software development costs and furniture, equipment and leasehold improvements. We present certain changes on a “constant currency” basis. Since our consolidated financial statements are presented in U.S. dollars, we must translate non-U.S. dollar revenues and expenses into U.S. dollars. Constant currency change, which is a non-GAAP financial measure, is defined as change excluding the effects of foreign currency fluctuations. Constant currency information is calculated by translating the current period and prior period’s results using the annual average exchange rates for the prior period. We use constant currency change as a supplemental metric to evaluate our underlying performance between periods by removing the impact of foreign currency fluctuations. We present certain constant currency change information because we believe it provides investors and analysts a useful comparison of our results and trends between periods. This information should be considered in addition to, not as a substitute for, results reported in accordance with GAAP. See the attached schedules for reconciliations of the non-GAAP financial measures contained in this release to their most comparable GAAP financial measure. Non-GAAP financial measures have limitations as analytical tools, and you should not consider these non-GAAP financial measures in isolation or as alternatives to net income attributable to Tradeweb Markets Inc., net income, net income margin, earnings per share, operating income, operating expenses, cash flow from operating activities or any other financial measure prepared or derived in accordance with GAAP. You are encouraged to evaluate each adjustment included in the reconciliations. In addition, in evaluating Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA margin, Adjusted EBIT, Adjusted EBIT margin, Adjusted EBT, Adjusted Net Income, Adjusted Diluted EPS, Adjusted Expenses and Free Cash Flow, you should be aware that in the future, we may incur expenses similar to the adjustments in the presentation of these non-GAAP financial measures. Our presentation of non-GAAP financial measures should not be construed as an inference that our future results will be unaffected by unusual or non-recurring items. In addition, the non-GAAP financial measures contained in this release may not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies in our industry or across different industries. MARKET AND INDUSTRY DATA This release includes estimates regarding market and industry data that we prepared based on our management’s knowledge and experience in the markets in which we operate, together with information obtained from various sources, including publicly available information, industry reports and publications, surveys, our clients, trade and business organizations and other contacts in the markets in which we operate. In presenting this information, we have made certain assumptions that we believe to be reasonable based on such data and other similar sources and on our knowledge of, and our experience to date in, the markets in which we operate. While such information is believed to be reliable for the purposes used herein, no representations are made as to the accuracy or completeness thereof and we take no responsibility for such information. TRADEWEB SOCIAL MEDIA Investors and others should note that Tradeweb announces material financial and operational information using its investor relations website, press releases, SEC filings and public conference calls and webcasts. Information about Tradeweb, its business and its results of operations may also be announced by posts on the Company’s accounts on the following social media channels: Instagram, LinkedIn and X. The information that we post through these social media channels may be deemed material. As a result, we encourage investors, the media, and others interested in Tradeweb to monitor these social media channels in addition to following our investor relations website, press releases, SEC filings and public conference calls and webcasts. These social media channels may be updated from time to time on our investor relations website.

Tradeweb Reports Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2024 Financial Results

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